Influence of cyclic and acyclic cucurbiturils on the degradation pathways of the chemical warfare agent VX

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (27) ◽  
pp. 5218-5227
Author(s):  
Beatrice Andrae ◽  
Daniel Bauer ◽  
Patrick Gaß ◽  
Marianne Koller ◽  
Franz Worek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Cucurbit[7]uril and an acyclic cucurbituril cause the chemical warfare agent VX to preferentially decompose in basic aqueous solution under C–S bond cleavage rather than by the normally preferred hydrolysis of the P–O and P–S bonds.

The Chemical Evolution of a Nitrogenase Model, 20 Alkyl Molybdates(VI) and the Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Production by Nitrogenase [1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Schrauzer ◽  
Laura A. Hughes ◽  
Norman Strampach
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Colorless alkylmolybdates(VI) of composition R-MoO3-are generated in aqueous solutions by the alkaline hydrolysis of complexes R-Mo(Bpy)(0)2Br(Bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl, R = CH3 and higher alkyl). At room temperature in alkaline aqueous solution, the new organometallic derivatives of oxomolybdate(VI) are remarkably resistant against Mo-C bond hydrolysis. Decomposition occurs more rapidly on heating, affording unrearranged alkanes according to the eq.: R-MoO3- + OH-→RH + Mo04=. In acidic solutions, the methylmolybdate(VI) species decomposes with the formation of a mixture of methane and ethane while higher alkylmolybdates carrying hydrogen in the β-position relative to molybdenum undergo Mo-C bond heterolysis by way of β-elimina-tion: R-CH2CH2-MoO3 → Mo+4 (aq) + H+ + R-CH = CH2. The Mo-C bond of alkylmolybdates is resistant to oxidants but is very sensitive to cleavage under reducing conditions. Reductive Mo-C bond cleavage occurs particularly rapidly in the presence of thiols and reduced ferredoxin model compounds. The latter reactions simulate the terminal steps of hydrocarbon producing reactions of nitrogenase with alternate substrates such as CN-, R-CN or R-NC, confirming previous mechanistic conclusions concerning the mechanism of nitrogenase action.

Effective, Facile, and Selective Hydrolysis of the Chemical Warfare Agent VX Using Zr6-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (22) ◽  
pp. 10829-10833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Young Moon ◽  
George W. Wagner ◽  
Joseph E. Mondloch ◽  
Gregory W. Peterson ◽  
Jared B. DeCoste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Selective Hydrolysis ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Detailed Investigation of the Radical-Induced Destruction of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants in Aqueous Solution

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 7681-7685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amberashley Abbott ◽  
Tim Sierakowski ◽  
James J. Kiddle ◽  
Kristin K. Clark ◽  
Stephen P. Mezyk
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare

Single-component frameworks for heterogeneous catalytic hydrolysis of organophosphorous compounds in pure water

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (49) ◽  
pp. 7005-7008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio J. Garibay ◽  
Omar K. Farha ◽  
Jared B. DeCoste
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Catalytic Hydrolysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Organophosphorous Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Component Frameworks

Amine linkers incorporated in Zr-MOFs aid in organophosphorous chemical warfare agent hydrolysis under solely aqueous conditions

scholarly journals Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants in Gamble’s Fluid: Is the Fluid Toxic? Can It Be Made Safer by Inclusion of Solid Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Karote ◽  
Brandon Walker ◽  
Huaien Dai ◽  
Ramaswamy Krishnamoorthi ◽  
Janis Voo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Nanocrystalline Metal ◽  
Condensation Products ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The reactions of chemical warfare agent simulants, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) and di-i-propyl fluoro phosphate (DFP), in fluids have been investigated. Data analyses confirm the major degradation pathway to be hydrolysis of 2-CEES to 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl sulfide, along with minor self-condensation products. Among the three fluids examined, 2-CEES degradation was the fastest in Gamble’s fluid during a 96 h period. Upon addition of Exceptional Hazard Attenuation Materials (EHAMs) to 2-CEES containing Gamble’s fluid, degradation was generally improved during the first 24 h period. The 96 h outcome was similar for fluid samples with or without EHAM 2 and EHAM 4. EHAM 1-added fluid contained only one degradation product, 2-nitroethyl ethyl sulfide. DFP degradation was the slowest in Gamble’s fluid, but was enhanced by the addition of EHAMs. FTIR and solid state31P NMR confirm the destructive adsorption of 2-CEES and DFP by the EHAMs. The results collectively demonstrate that 2-CEES and DFP decompose to various extents in Gamble’s fluid over a 96 h period but the fluid still contains a considerable amount of intact simulant. EHAM 1 appears to be promising for 2-CEES and DFP mitigation while EHAM 2 and EHAM 4 work well for early on concentration reduction of 2-CEES and DFP.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Chemical Warfare Agent VX and its Neurotoxic Analogues by Organophosphorus Hydrolase

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan E. Kolakowski ◽  
Joseph J. Defrank ◽  
S. P. Harvey ◽  
Linda L. Szafraniec ◽  
William T. Beaudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Organophosphorus Hydrolase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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