Phase transformation and room temperature stabilization of various Bi2O3 nano-polymorphs: effect of oxygen-vacancy defects and reduced surface energy due to adsorbed carbon species
Keyword(s):
The air annealing induced grain growth from nano to microscale and a transformation sequence from Bi → β-Bi2O3 → γ-Bi2O3 → α-Bi2O3 was evident. All the annealed samples are oxygen-deficient, resulting in the appearance of a strong red emission band.