Regio- and stereoselective intermolecular phenol coupling enzymes in secondary metabolite biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hüttel ◽  
Michael Müller
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Cyp Enzymes ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

Phenol coupling enzymes, especially laccases and CYP-enzymes create an enormous diversity of biarylic secondary metabolites in fungi, plants, and bacteria. The enzymes and the elucidation of the corresponding metabolic pathways are presented.

scholarly journals Urgensi dan Mekanisme Biosintesis Metabolit Sekunder Mikroba Laut

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Nofiani
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Marine Microorganism ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Living Materials

Marine microorganism is one of biologically active potential resources of secondary metabolites. Its potency areso promising that the knowledge of how its secondary metabolite occured need to be studied and collected. Thoseknowledges will enable further study is improving secondary metabolite production in the laboratory. In nature,secondary metabolites synthesis occur when there are effect of both biotic and abiotic factors such as sea waterand microbe symbiosis with other living materials. When this is explained in metabolic pathways, secondarymetabolite synthesis affected by available nutrient and regulated by autoinducer molecules through quorum sensingmechanism

scholarly journals Lysobacter enzymogenes Uses Two Distinct Cell-Cell Signaling Systems for Differential Regulation of Secondary-Metabolite Biosynthesis and Colony Morphology

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6604-6616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Qian ◽  
Yulan Wang ◽  
Yiru Liu ◽  
Feifei Xu ◽  
Ya-Wen He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Lysobacter Enzymogenes ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTLysobacter enzymogenesis a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is emerging as a potentially novel biological control agent and a new source of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as the heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) and photoprotective polyene pigments. Thus far, the regulatory mechanism(s) for biosynthesis of these bioactive secondary metabolites remains largely unknown inL. enzymogenes. In the present study, the diffusible signal factor (DSF) and diffusible factor (DF)-mediated cell-cell signaling systems were identified for the first time fromL. enzymogenes. The results show that both Rpf/DSF and DF signaling systems played critical roles in modulating HSAF biosynthesis inL. enzymogenes. Rpf/DSF signaling and DF signaling played negative and positive effects in polyene pigment production, respectively, with DF playing a more important role in regulating this phenotype. Interestingly, only Rpf/DSF, but not the DF signaling system, regulated colony morphology ofL. enzymgenes. Both Rpf/DSF and DF signaling systems were involved in the modulation of expression of genes with diverse functions inL. enzymogenes, and their own regulons exhibited only a few loci that were regulated by both systems. These findings unveil for the first time new roles of the Rpf/DSF and DF signaling systems in secondary metabolite biosynthesis ofL. enzymogenes.

scholarly journals WblA, a global regulator of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Ju Nah ◽  
Jihee Park ◽  
Sisun Choi ◽  
Eung-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiotic Biosynthesis ◽  
Global Regulator ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

Abstract Streptomyces species are soil-dwelling bacteria that produce vast numbers of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, antiviral, and anticancer drugs. On the other hand, the biosynthesis of most secondary metabolites remains very low due to tightly controlled regulatory networks. Both global and pathway-specific regulators are involved in the regulation of a specific secondary metabolite biosynthesis in various Streptomyces species. Over the past few decades, many of these regulators have been identified and new ones are still being discovered. Among them, a global regulator of secondary metabolite biosynthesis named WblA was identified in several Streptomyces species. The identification and understanding of the WblAs have greatly contributed to increasing the productivity of several Streptomyces secondary metabolites. This review summarizes the characteristics and applications on WblAs reported to date, which were found in various Streptomyces species and other actinobacteria.

scholarly journals Melatonin alters the secondary metabolite profile of grape berry skin by promoting VvMYB14-mediated ethylene biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyun Ma ◽  
Lili Xu ◽  
Shiwei Gao ◽  
Xingning Lyu ◽  
Xiaolei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics

AbstractThe interplay between melatonin and ethylene in the regulation of fruit metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain largely unclear. Here, widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a total of 464 metabolites present in berry skin. Among them, 27 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were produced in response to melatonin treatment in the presence or absence of 1-MCP. Most of the DAMs were secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and flavonols. Additionally, the accumulation of 25 DAMs was regulated by melatonin via ethylene. RNA-seq analysis indicated that melatonin primarily regulated the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via ethylene. Gene-metabolite association analysis showed that melatonin regulated the expression of the VvSTS1, VvF3H, VvLAR2, and VvDFR genes, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in regulating secondary metabolites in the skin; additionally, VvMYB14 and VvACS1 were suggested to be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites. Further experiments revealed that melatonin induced the expression of VvMYB14 and that VvMYB14 increased ethylene production by transcriptionally activating VvACS1, thereby affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Collectively, melatonin promotes ethylene biosynthesis and alters secondary metabolite accumulation through the regulation of VvACS1 by VvMYB14.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of North American sweet birch (Betula lenta) revealed a higher expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites than European silver birch (B. pendula)

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1264
Author(s):  
Kiran Singewar ◽  
Birgit Kersten ◽  
Christian R. Moschner ◽  
Eberhard Hartung ◽  
Matthias Fladung
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis ◽  
Betula Lenta

AbstractThe North American Betula lenta L. (sweet birch) has been used for medicinal reasons for centuries by native Americans. Although sophisticated technologies have rapidly been developed, a large information gap has been observed regarding genetic regulators of medicinally important compounds in sweet birch. Very little is known on the different genes involved in secondary metabolic biosynthesis in sweet birch. To gain a deeper insight into genetic factors, we performed a transcriptome analysis of each three biological samples from different independent trees of sweet and European silver birch (B. pendula Roth). This allowed us to precisely quantify the transcripts of about 24,000 expressed genes including 29 prominent candidate genes putatively involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites like terpenoids, and aromatic benzoic acids. A total number of 597 genes were differentially expressed between B. lenta and B. pendula, while 264 and 210 genes showed upregulation in the bark and leaf of B. lenta, respectively. Moreover, we identified 39 transcriptional regulatory elements, involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, upregulated in B. lenta. Our study demonstrated the potential of RNA sequencing to identify candidate genes interacting in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in sweet birch. The candidate genes identified in this study could be subjected to genetic engineering to functionally characterize them in sweet birch. This knowledge can be beneficial to the increase of therapeutically important compounds.

scholarly journals Identification of microRNAs from Medicinal Plant Murraya koenigii by High-Throughput Sequencing and Their Functional Implications in Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Claudia Gutiérrez-García ◽  
Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed ◽  
Sathishkumar Ramalingam ◽  
Dhivya Selvaraj ◽  
Aashish Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mirna Profile ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that play crucial post-transcriptional regulatory roles in plants, including development and stress-response signaling. However, information about their involvement in secondary metabolism is still limited. Murraya koenigii is a popular medicinal plant, better known as curry leaves, that possesses pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. The present study utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the miRNA profile of M. koenigii and their association with secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A total of 343,505 unique reads with lengths ranging from 16 to 40 nt were obtained from the sequencing data, among which 142 miRNAs were identified as conserved and 7 as novel miRNAs. Moreover, 6078 corresponding potential target genes of M. koenigii miRNAs were recognized in this study. Interestingly, several conserved and novel miRNAs of M. koenigii were found to target key enzymes of the terpenoid backbone and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, to validate the sequencing results, the relative expression of eight randomly selected miRNAs was determined by qPCR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the M. koenigii miRNA profile that may provide useful information for further elucidation of the involvement of miRNAs in secondary metabolism. These findings might be crucial in the future to generate artificial-miRNA-based, genetically engineered M. koenigii plants for the overproduction of medicinally highly valuable secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Divergence of metabolites in three phylogenetically close Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. ruber, and M. purpureus) based on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Higa ◽  
Young-Soo Kim ◽  
Md. Altaf-Ul-Amin ◽  
Ming Huang ◽  
Naoaki Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Paired End Sequencing

Abstract Background Species of the genus Monascus are considered to be economically important and have been widely used in the production of yellow and red food colorants. In particular, three Monascus species, namely, M. pilosus, M. purpureus, and M. ruber, are used for food fermentation in the cuisine of East Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. These species have also been utilized in the production of various kinds of natural pigments. However, there is a paucity of information on the genomes and secondary metabolites of these strains. Here, we report the genomic analysis and secondary metabolites produced by M. pilosus NBRC4520, M. purpureus NBRC4478 and M. ruber NBRC4483, which are NBRC standard strains. We believe that this report will lead to a better understanding of red yeast rice food. Results We examined the diversity of secondary metabolite production in three Monascus species (M. pilosus, M. purpureus, and M. ruber) at both the metabolome level by LCMS analysis and at the genome level. Specifically, M. pilosus NBRC4520, M. purpureus NBRC4478 and M. ruber NBRC4483 strains were used in this study. Illumina MiSeq 300 bp paired-end sequencing generated 17 million high-quality short reads in each species, corresponding to 200 times the genome size. We measured the pigments and their related metabolites using LCMS analysis. The colors in the liquid media corresponding to the pigments and their related metabolites produced by the three species were very different from each other. The gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis of the three Monascus species also diverged, confirming that M. pilosus and M. purpureus are chemotaxonomically different. M. ruber has similar biosynthetic and secondary metabolite gene clusters to M. pilosus. The comparison of secondary metabolites produced also revealed divergence in the three species. Conclusions Our findings are important for improving the utilization of Monascus species in the food industry and industrial field. However, in view of food safety, we need to determine if the toxins produced by some Monascus strains exist in the genome or in the metabolome.

scholarly journals Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Rahmatullah Jan ◽  
Sajjad Asaf ◽  
Muhammad Numan ◽  
Lubna ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant survival and in creating ecological connections between other species. In addition to providing a variety of valuable natural products, secondary metabolites help protect plants against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. Given their sessile nature, plants must protect themselves from such situations through accumulation of these bioactive compounds. Indeed, secondary metabolites act as herbivore deterrents, barriers against pathogen invasion, and mitigators of oxidative stress. The accumulation of SMs are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility, and salinity. For most plants, a change in an individual environmental factor can alter the content of secondary metabolites even if other factors remain constant. In this review, we focus on how individual environmental factors affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants during both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the application of abiotic and biotic elicitors in culture systems as well as their stimulating effects on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Specifically, we discuss the shikimate pathway and the aromatic amino acids produced in this pathway, which are the precursors of a range of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. We also detail how the biosynthesis of important metabolites is altered by several genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in various plant species during stress conditions are regulated by transcriptional factors such as WRKY, MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, bHLH, and NAC, which are also discussed here.

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