scholarly journals Amplification of oxidative stress via intracellular ROS production and antioxidant consumption by two natural drug-encapsulated nanoagents for efficient anticancer therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 3872-3881
Author(s):  
Yihuan Liu ◽  
Haibin Liu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yingjie Wang ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Intracellular Ros

A nanoagent delivering two natural product molecules to promote ROS generation as well as to consume intracellular antioxidant is developed for oxidative stress-associated anticancer therapy.

scholarly journals Vitamin E-Coated Dialyzer Inhibits Oxidative Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Yamadera ◽  
Yuya Nakamura ◽  
Masahiro Inagaki ◽  
Isao Ohsawa ◽  
Hiromichi Gotoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Intracellular Ros

Aim: To examine the effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer on oxidative stress in vitro. Methods: A dialyzer with a synthetic polymer membrane (APS-11SA) and vitamin E-coated dialyzer (VPS-11SA) were connected to a blood tubing line, and U937 cells were circulated in the device. The circulating fluid was collected at 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cycles, which are estimated numbers of passes through the dialyzer. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantified. Results: Intracellular ROS production was increased in the first cycle by APS-11SA and was decreased throughout the experiment by VPS-11SA. Intracellular ROS production in the VPS-11SA device was lower, and MDA levels were decreased. MDA levels were lower during VPS-11SA processing than during APS-11SA processing. Cu/Zn-SOD levels remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our results highlight anti-oxidative-stress effects of a vitamin E-coated dialyzer.

scholarly journals Detecting Validated Intracellular ROS Generation with 18F-dihydroethidine-Based PET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. T. Waters ◽  
Friedrich Baark ◽  
Zilin Yu ◽  
Filipa Mota ◽  
Thomas R. Eykyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction

Abstract Purpose To determine the sensitivity of the 18F-radiolabelled dihydroethidine analogue ([18F]DHE) to ROS in a validated ex vivo model of tissue oxidative stress. Procedures The sensitivity of [18F]DHE to various ROS-generating systems was first established in vitro. Then, isolated rat hearts were perfused under constant flow, with contractile function monitored by intraventricular balloon. Cardiac uptake of infused [18F]DHE (50–150 kBq.min−1) was monitored by γ-detection, while ROS generation was invoked by menadione infusion (0, 10, or 50 μm), validated by parallel measures of cardiac oxidative stress. Results [18F]DHE was most sensitive to oxidation by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Normalised [18F]DHE uptake was significantly greater in menadione-treated hearts (1.44 ± 0.27) versus control (0.81 ± 0.07) (p < 0.05, n = 4/group), associated with concomitant cardiac contractile dysfunction, glutathione depletion, and PKG1α dimerisation. Conclusion [18F]DHE reports on ROS in a validated model of oxidative stress where perfusion (and tracer delivery) is unlikely to impact its pharmacokinetics.

Abstract 263: Differential Effects of 17ß-Estradiol and 16a-Hydroxyestrone in Oxidative Stress and Proliferative Responses in Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells - Implications in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Y Hood ◽  
Augusto C Montezano ◽  
Margaret R MacLean ◽  
Rhian M Touyz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Women develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) more frequently than men. This may relate, in part, to metabolism of 17β-estradiol (E2), leading to formation of the deleterious metabolite, 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α OHE1), which plays a role in the remodelling of pulmonary arteries. Molecular mechanisms whereby 16αOHE1 influences PASMC remodelling are unclear but ROS may be important, since oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH. We hypothesised that E2 and 16αOHE1 leads to Nox-induced ROS production, which promotes PASMC damage. Cultured PASMCs were stimulated with either E2 (1nM) or 16αOHE1 (1nM) in the presence/absence of EHT1864 (100μM, Rac1 inhibitor) or tempol (antioxidant; 10μM). ROS production was assessed by chemiluminescence (O2-) and Amplex Red (H2O2). Antioxidants (thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin 1 and NQ01), regulators of Nrf2 (BACH1, Nrf2) and, marker of cell growth (PCNA) were determined by immunoblotting. E2 increased O2- production at 4h (219 ± 30% vs vehicle; p<0.05), an effect blocked by EHT1864 and tempol. E2 also increased H2O2 generation (152 ± 4%; p<0.05). Thioredoxin, NQ01 and peroxiredoxin1 (71 ± 6%; 78 ± 9%; 69 ± 8%; p<0.05 respectively) levels were decreased by E2 as was PCNA expression (72 ± 2%; p<0.05). 16αOHE1 exhibited a rapid (5 min) and exaggerated increase in ROS production (355 ± 41%; p<0.05), blocked by tempol and EHT1864. This was associated with an increase in Nox4 expression (139 ± 11% vs vehicle, p<0.05). 16αOHE1 increased BACH1, (129 ± 3%; p<0.05), a competitor of Nrf2, which was decreased (92 ± 2%). In contrast, thioredoxin expression was increased by 16aOHE1 (154 ± 22%; p<0.05). PCNA (150 ± 5%) expression was also increased after exposure to 16αOHE1. In conclusion, E2 and 16αOHE1 have differential effects on redox processes associated with PASMC growth. Whereas E2 stimulates ROS production in a slow and sustained manner without effect on cell growth, 16αOHE1 upregulates Nox4 with associated rapid increase in ROS generation and downregulation of antioxidant systems, affecting proliferation. Our findings suggest that E2 -derived metabolites may promote a pro-proliferative PASMC phenotype through Nox4-derived ROS generation. These deleterious effects may impact on vascular remodeling in PAH.

Chromium Ions Induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in the MG63 Cell Lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 609-612
Author(s):  
Jun Fu ◽  
Xing Liang ◽  
Shao An Wang ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mg63 Cell ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Chromium Ions ◽  
Mg63 Cells ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates chromium-induced cytotoxicity in MG63 cells and antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) can provide protection for osteoblasts against chromium-induced oxidative stress. We assessed the effects of chromium ions on cell viability, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular ultrastructure in the presence or absence of NAC. A time- and concentrationdependent increased cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS generation was found and intracellular ultrastructure was damaged when cells were exposed to Cr+6. NAC afforded dose-dependent reduction to the cytotoxicity and level of cellular oxidative stress induced by Cr+6. Intracellular ultrastructural alterations were reduced by the NAC pretreatment, too. Cr+3 had no significantly negative influence in MG63 (5-20μM). Our results suggest that oxidative stress might be involved in Cr+6 induced cytotoxicity in osteoblasts. NAC can play a critical role against Cr+6- induced cytotoxicity. Cr+3 (5 -20μM) had no significant cytotoxicity in MG63 cells and cellular oxidative stress was not found, too.

scholarly journals Lysophosphatidylcholine induces oxidative stress in  human endothelial cells via NOX5 activation - implications in atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Juliano V Alves ◽  
Julio A Silva-Neto ◽  
Rafael Menezes Costa ◽  
Karla Bianca Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Spectroscopy

Objective: The mechanisms involved in NOX5 activation in atherosclerotic processes are not completely understood.  This study tested the hypothesis that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a proatherogenic component of oxLDL, induces endothelial calcium influx, which drives NOX5-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction.  Approach: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were stimulated with LPC (10-5 M, for different time points).  Pharmacological inhibition of NOX5 (Melittin, 10-7 M) and NOX5 gene silencing (siRNA) were used to determine the role of NOX5-dependent ROS production in endothelial oxidative stress induced by LPC.  ROS production was determined by lucigenin assay and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR), calcium transients by Fluo4 fluorimetry, and NOX5 activity and protein expression by pharmacological assays and immunoblotting, respectively. Results: LPC increased ROS generation in endothelial cells at short (15 min) and long (4 h) stimulation times.  LPC-induced ROS was abolished by a selective NOX5 inhibitor and by NOX5 siRNA. NOX1/4 dual inhibition and selective NOX1 inhibition only decreased ROS generation at 4 h.  LPC increased HAEC intracellular calcium, important for NOX5 activation, and this was blocked by nifedipine and thapsigargin.  Bapta-AM, selective Ca2+ chelator, prevented LPC-induced ROS production.  NOX5 knockdown decreased LPC-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that NOX5, by mechanisms linked to increased intracellular calcium, is key to early LPC-induced endothelial oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes.  Since these are essential events in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, this study highlights an important role for NOX5 in atherosclerosis.

145 STAGE-SPECIFIC EFFECT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE, ROS GENERATION AND DNA DAMAGE OF PORCINE PARTHENOGENETIC EMBRYOS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
M. Takahashi ◽  
M. Sakatani ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
H. Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Comet Tail ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
High O2

We investigated the effect of oxidative stress on stage specific developmental ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from follicles on the surface of ovaries. The COCs were matured in NCSU-23 containing 10% (vol/vol) porcine follicular fluid and 10 IU/mL hCG during the first 22 h followed by an extra 22 h of culture in the hormone free NCSU-23. After 44 h of maturation, oocytes were denuded of cumulus cells and used for activation. Oocytes were activated by a 100-�sec pulse of 1.5 kV/cm DC with 1-mm electrodes in 0.3 m mannitol, 0.1 mm MgSO4, and 0.05 mm CaCl2. Activated oocytes were then cultured for 5 h in NCSU-23 containing 5 mg/mL BSA, 10 �g/mL EGF and 7.5 �g/mL cytochalasin B. Embryos were then cultured for 6 days in PZM-5. In Experiment 1, after parthenogenetic activation, embryos were cultured at 38.5�C under 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2 (defined as 5% O2) or 5% CO2 in air (20% O2). The oxygen concentration for embryo culture was changed from 5% to 20% on day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 post-activation, respectively. Embryos were also cultured throughout 6 days in 5 and 20% O2. About 100 embryos were used in each experiment. The number of embryos cleaved and developed to blastocyst stage was observed on day 2 and 6, respectively. In Experiment 2, 10 to 20 embryos cultured in 5 and 20% O2 were collected on Days 2, 4, and 6 for the detection of ROS, intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and DNA damage. Intracellular ROS and GSH levels, were measured with fluorescent dyes (22,72-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate for ROS and Cell Tracker" Blue for GSH). DNA damage of individual embryos was detected with a comet assay. DNA damage was quantified by measuring the length of the streak of DNA comet tail between the edge of the zona pellucida and the end of the visible comet tail by image analysis software. The rate of migrated DNA area per total DNA was also quantified. In Exp. 1, the rate of blastocyst formation was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) when embryos were cultured for 6 days under 20% O2 (17.8 � 4%) than 5% O2 (38.5 � 5%). The rates of blastocyst formation were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) when O2 concentration was changed from 5 to 20% before Day 3. After Day 4, high O2 concentration did not affect the development. In Exp. 2, relative ROS levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on Day 2 (1.5 � 0.03) and Day 4 (1.4 � 0.06) in embryos cultured under 20% O2 than in those cultured under 5% O2 (1.0). No difference was observed in GSH level. DNA damage was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in Day 2 embryos cultured under 20% O2 (161 � 54 �m) than 5% O2 (65 � 8.8 �m). These results indicate that the oxidative stress to embryo development by high O2 concentration is stage specific, that embryos are more sensitive in early stages, and that the oxidative stress has correlation with the increase of intracellular ROS and DNA damage.

Phycoerythrin averts intracellular ROS generation and physiological functional decline in eukaryotes under oxidative stress

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. 849-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi R. Sonani ◽  
Rajesh P. Rastogi ◽  
Niraj K. Singh ◽  
Jaymesh Thadani ◽  
Puja J. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Intracellular Ros

scholarly journals Buyang Huanwu Decoction Promotes Angiogenesis after Cerebral Ischemia by Inhibiting the Nox4/ROS Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jian Shen ◽  
Kaiyuan Huang ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Kangli Xu ◽  
Renya Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Buyang Huanwu Decoction ◽  
Intracellular Ros

Background. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used clinically for centuries for the treatment of various diseases. The study aims to explore the BYHWD effects on angiogenesis and neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury in rats and to explore the underlying angiogenic roles and mechanisms of BYHWD in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model. Methods. The effects of BYHWD on neurological function were screened by measuring neurological deficits, spatial memory function, and angiogenesis (by microvascular density (MVD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF)) after CI/R injury in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo in rats. In vitro, we examined the angiogenic roles and mechanisms of action of BYHWD in an H2O2-induced oxidative stress HUVECs model by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, vascular tube formation, intracellular ROS generation, NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity, and Nox4 protein expression. Results. BYHWD significantly improved neurological function, including neurological deficits and spatial learning and memory, and significantly increased MVD and CBF in the ischemic penumbra after CI/R injury in rats. BYHWD significantly increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, induced vascular tube formation, decreased intracellular ROS generation, and reduced Nox activity and Nox4 protein expression in H2O2-treated HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that BYHWD promotes neurological function recovery and increases angiogenesis. BYHWD exerts angiogenic effects against cerebral ischemic injury through the downregulation of Nox4, which results in the reduction of ROS generation.

scholarly journals Increased Oxidative Stress as a Selective Anticancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Zhichong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to tumorgenesis. Under hypoxic environment, increased levels of ROS induce the expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in cancer stem cells (CSCs), resulting in the promotion of the upregulation of CSC markers, and the reduction of intracellular ROS level, thus facilitating CSCs survival and proliferation. Although the ROS level is regulated by powerful antioxidant defense mechanisms in cancer cells, it is observed to remain higher than that in normal cells. Cancer cells may be more sensitive than normal cells to the accumulation of ROS; consequently, it is supposed that increased oxidative stress by exogenous ROS generation therapy has an effect on selectively killing cancer cells without affecting normal cells. This paper reviews the mechanisms of redox regulation in CSCs and the pivotal role of ROS in anticancer treatment.

119 OXIDATIVE STRESS DURING THE CRYOPRESERVATION OF BOAR SPERMATOZOA

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hernandez ◽  
J. M. Vazquez ◽  
E. A. Martinez ◽  
J. Roca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Boar Sperm ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

The cryopreservation procedure causes dramatic changes in boar sperm survival but it is yet unclear where and how the process affects spermatozoa. Cryopreservation damage appears partly associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The present study evaluates the effect that various steps of a conventional cycle of cryopreservation have on the intracellular production of ROS by boar spermatozoa (spz). Sperm-rich fractions collected from 2 mature boars (3 ejaculates per boar), cooled to 17�C, and kept for 16 h were cryopreserved following a standard freeze–thaw process with 0.5-mL plastic straws. The production of ROS was recorded in 5 steps of the cryopreservation process. These steps were as follows: step (1) after collection, when the fresh semen was extended (1:1, v/v) in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS, 205 mM glucose, 20.39 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 15.01 mM NaHCO3, and 3.35 mM EDTA); step (2) after cooling and storage for 16 h at 17�C; step (3) after centrifugation (2400g for 3 min) and re-extension of the pellet with lactose-egg yolk extender; step (4) at 5�C, after the addition of lactose-egg yolk-glycerol-Equex Stem Paste to 1 � 109 spz mL; and step (5) immediately after thawing at 37�C for 20 s. For the ROS measurement, all samples were re-extended in BTS (3 � 106 spz mL-1) and incubated without (basal ROS level) or with ROS inducers (1 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide) for 120 min at 37�C and 5% CO2. Cells were simultaneously stained with 22,72-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (1 �M) to estimate the production of ROS, and propidium iodide (12 �M) to exclude dead sperm from the analysis. Samples were evaluated at 30 min and 120 min by flow cytometry (Coulter Epics XL; Coulter Corporation, Miami, FL, USA); further analyses of the parameters were done by FCSExpress software (DeNovo Software, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada). ROS production was expressed as the mean of the green intensity fluorescence units of the viable sperm population. Data from 3 replicates were analyzed as a split plot design using a mixed model ANOVA including cryopreservation step, boar, and incubation time as fixed effects and replicate as random effect. Results indicated that the basal ROS formation remained relatively low and constant (P = 0.95) through the cryopreservation process, without differences between boars (P = 0.559), although with a significant increase after 120 min of incubation (P &lt; 0.001). However, the exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide significantly increased the intracellular ROS formation in all of the steps (P &lt; 0.001), showing significant differences between them, and being especially raised at steps 3 and 4. In conclusion, the present study confirms that the basal intracellular ROS production during cryopreservation of boar sperm is low. Nevertheless, the susceptibility of those spermatozoa to external stresses vary through the cryopreservation process, especially after centrifugation and later extension at 17�C and after the slow cooling at 5�C. This work was supported by CICYT (AGF2005-00706), Madrid, Spain

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