scholarly journals Magnetic skyrmions for unconventional computing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Li ◽  
Wang Kang ◽  
Xichao Zhang ◽  
Tianxiao Nie ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Unconventional Computing ◽  
Nanoscale Devices ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Magnetic Skyrmions

A rich variety of unconventional computing paradigms has been raised with the rapid development of nanoscale devices. Magnetic skyrmions, spin swirling quasiparticles, have been endowed with great expectations for unconventional computing.

scholarly journals Creation and Annihilation of Magnetic Skyrmions for Neuromorphic Computing Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijaz Lone ◽  
Arnab Ganguly ◽  
Divynahsu Divyanshu ◽  
Selma Amara ◽  
Govind Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Anisotropy ◽  
Unconventional Computing ◽  
Neuromorphic Computing ◽  
Magnetic Texture ◽  
Race Track ◽  
Magnetic Skyrmions ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Non Equilibrium Green’S Function ◽  
Moriya Interaction

In this work we present the creation, annihilation and dynamics of a topologically protected magnetic structure, a skyrmion, for neuromorphic computing application. We study the effect of Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction (DMI) and surface anisotropy on the skyrmion density. The relation between skyrmion annihilation threshold anisotropy Kth and DMI coefficient is evaluated. Furthermore, the skyrmion diameter dependence on these two parameters is studied. Using MOKE analysis we study the effect of external magnetic field on the skyrmion density and predict the threshold magnetic field for the transition of magnetic texture from Labriynth domains to skyrmions. These results are further supported by the MuMax simulations. The spin orbit torque SOT manipulation of skyrmion size and density is also presented for skyrmion applications in the race-track memory and neuromorphic computing. Motivated by the results, we propose a Skyrmionic neuromorphic device and using SOT switching mechanism, show its applicability as spintronic synapse and neuron. The MuMax simulations are coupled to the Non- Equilibrium Green’s Function formalism to model the neuron and synapse behavior. Finally, we conclude with the possibility of using these devices for pattern recognition and other unconventional computing paradigms.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Capsular Contracture Immediately Following Covid-19 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J Restifo
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Capsular Contracture ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
First Case

Abstract Capsular contracture is fundamentally an immunological/inflammatory response to the implant, treating it as a foreign body in need of exclusion from the immune system. The capsule surrounding the implant is populated by a rich variety of immunologically active cells such as macrophages, T lymphocytes, and myofibroblasts. Vaccination in general and the Covid-19 vaccine in particular result in specific and nonspecific activation of the immune system, including those immune cells in proximity to the implant. This phenomenon has been previously demonstrated in delayed inflammatory reactions to previously implanted hyaluronic acid fillers following Covid 19 vaccination. This report is what is believed to be the first case of the rapid development of severe ipsilateral capsular contracture in the immediate aftermath of the second dose of the BNT162b2(Pfizer) vaccine.

scholarly journals Creation and Annihilation of Magnetic Skyrmions for Neuromorphic Computing Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijaz Lone ◽  
Arnab Ganguly ◽  
Divynahsu Divyanshu ◽  
Selma Amara ◽  
Govind Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Anisotropy ◽  
Unconventional Computing ◽  
Neuromorphic Computing ◽  
Magnetic Texture ◽  
Race Track ◽  
Magnetic Skyrmions ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Non Equilibrium Green’S Function ◽  
Moriya Interaction

In this work we present the creation, annihilation and dynamics of a topologically protected magnetic structure, a skyrmion, for neuromorphic computing application. We study the effect of Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction (DMI) and surface anisotropy on the skyrmion density. The relation between skyrmion annihilation threshold anisotropy Kth and DMI coefficient is evaluated. Furthermore, the skyrmion diameter dependence on these two parameters is studied. Using MOKE analysis we study the effect of external magnetic field on the skyrmion density and predict the threshold magnetic field for the transition of magnetic texture from Labriynth domains to skyrmions. These results are further supported by the MuMax simulations. The spin orbit torque SOT manipulation of skyrmion size and density is also presented for skyrmion applications in the race-track memory and neuromorphic computing. Motivated by the results, we propose a Skyrmionic neuromorphic device and using SOT switching mechanism, show its applicability as spintronic synapse and neuron. The MuMax simulations are coupled to the Non- Equilibrium Green’s Function formalism to model the neuron and synapse behavior. Finally, we conclude with the possibility of using these devices for pattern recognition and other unconventional computing paradigms.

scholarly journals The Innovation Way of Fuel Cell New Energy Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Main Development ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
China's Automobile Industry

<p>China's automobile industry has made rapid development in recent years, but the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust is also very serious. In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by automobiles, new energy automobiles have become the main development direction of the automobile industry. Fuel cells are one of the new energy sources. Although China has a very rich variety of fuels, the research and development of new energy vehicles is still in its initial stage and still faces severe tests.</p>

A new tool for rapid development of electron microscopy negatives and micrographs: Initial impressions of the MOHR/PRO-8 processor

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 972-973
Author(s):  
James C. Long
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Initial Impressions ◽  
Transport Method

Over the years, many techniques and products have been developed to reduce the amount of time spent in a darkroom processing electron microscopy negatives and micrographs. One of the latest tools, effective in this effort, is the Mohr/Pro-8 film and rc paper processor.At the time of writing, a unit has been recently installed in the photographic facilities of the Electron Microscopy Center at Texas A&M University. It is being evaluated for use with TEM sheet film, SEM sheet film, 35mm roll film (B&W), and rc paper.Originally designed for use in the phototypesetting industry, this processor has only recently been introduced to the field of electron microscopy.The unit is a tabletop model, approximately 1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 ft, and uses a roller transport method of processing. It has an adjustable processing time of 2 to 6.5 minutes, dry-to-dry. The installed unit has an extended processing switch, enabling processing times of 8 to 14 minutes to be selected.

Structural phenomena in the growth of carbon nanotubes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 750-751
Author(s):  
Jun Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Cluster Growth ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Point To Point

HREM studies of the carbonaceous material deposited on the cathode of a Huffman-Krätschmer arc reactor have shown a rich variety of multiple-walled nano-clusters of different shapes and forms. The preparation of the samples, as well as the variety of cluster shapes, including triangular, rhombohedral and pentagonal projections, are described elsewhere.The close registry imposed on the nanotubes, focuses attention on the cluster growth mechanism. The strict parallelism in the graphitic separation of the tube walls is maintained through changes of form and size, often leading to 180° turns, and accommodating neighboring clusters and defects. Iijima et. al. have proposed a growth scheme in terms of pentagonal and heptagonal defects and their combinations in a hexagonal graphitic matrix, the first bending the surface inward, and the second outward. We report here HREM observations that support Iijima’s suggestions, and add some new features that refine the interpretation of the growth mechanism. The structural elements of our observations are briefly summarized in the following four micrographs, taken in a Hitachi H-8100 TEM operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV and with a point-to-point resolution of 0.20 nm.

Surface/interface nanoengineering for rechargeable Zn–air batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianpei Zhou ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Changzheng Wu ◽  
Yi Xie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Rapid Development

Surface/interface nanoengineering of electrocatalysts and air electrodes will promote the rapid development of high-performance rechargeable Zn–air batteries.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Great Expectations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Great Expectations

Small Group Research in Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gil Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos María Alcover de la Hera
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Spanish History ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Scientific Results

After a long period of scarce resources and a long delay in new scientific results suffered as a consequence of recent Spanish history, research concerning groups has experienced a rapid development over the last 15 years of the 20th century—the result of the late but then clear institutionalization of psychology into university structure. Although most research has been carried out at the very heart of social psychology and along the traditional lines of the field, a significant growth in the study of groups and work teams in organizational contexts can now be highlighted, coinciding with the tendency detected internationally during the last years. Beyond the normalization of group research in Spain, it is necessary to point out its excessive dependency in both theory and methodology on models and tools elaborated throughout North America and Europe. The present review closes with the proposal of creating a European formative curriculum for group psychologists in order to unify and promote research within this active and important field of psychology.

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