Rapid sample preparation for detection of antibiotic resistance on a microfluidic disc platform

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Perebikovsky ◽  
Yujia Liu ◽  
Alexander Hwu ◽  
Horacio Kido ◽  
Ehsan Shamloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Centrifugal Microfluidics ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Way

We demonstrated a novel instrument and a centrifugal microfluidics disc design that is capable of remarkably accomplishing the sample treatment steps, which pave the way to realize the antibody susceptibility test in point-of-care situation.

scholarly journals Nitrocellulose-bound achromopeptidase for point-of-care nucleic acid tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Chondrogiannis ◽  
Shirin Khaliliazar ◽  
Anna Toldrà ◽  
Pedro Réu ◽  
Mahiar M. Hamedi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Nucleic Acid Tests

AbstractEnzymes are the cornerstone of modern biotechnology. Achromopeptidase (ACP) is a well-known enzyme that hydrolyzes a number of proteins, notably proteins on the surface of Gram-positive bacteria. It is therefore used for sample preparation in nucleic acid tests. However, ACP inhibits DNA amplification which makes its integration difficult. Heat is commonly used to inactivate ACP, but it can be challenging to integrate heating into point-of-care devices. Here, we use recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) together with ACP, and show that when ACP is immobilized on nitrocellulose paper, it retains its enzymatic function and can easily and rapidly be activated using agitation. The nitrocellulose-bound ACP does, however, not leak into the solution, preventing the need for deactivation through heat or by other means. Nitrocellulose-bound ACP thus opens new possibilities for paper-based Point-of-Care (POC) devices.

scholarly journals Slipdisc: a versatile sample preparation platform for point of care diagnostics

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (56) ◽  
pp. 35048-35054 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Banerjee ◽  
T. Salih ◽  
H. Ramachandraiah ◽  
J. Erlandsson ◽  
T. Pettersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics

A novel POC sample preparation technology, “Slipdisc”, based rotational slipchip technology is presented. In operation, the hand-winded slipdisc platform uses a unique clockwork mechanism to manipulate minute amount of liquids.

Evaluating Shared Governance: Measuring Functionality of Unit Practice Councils at the Point of Care

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Fray
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
The Way

Measuring the functionality of Unit Practice Councils (UPCs) in institutions on the Magnet journey is a rare occurrence. The Jackson Health System Unit Practice Council Functionality Measurement Tool is one of the first such attempts to provide an objective way to assess whether UPCs function in the way they were envisioned to perform.

Electronic records with tablets at the point of care in an internal medicine unit (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Pérez-Martí ◽  
Lina Cristina Casadó-Marín ◽  
Abraham Guillén-Villar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electronic Records ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
Work Shifts ◽  
Security Communication ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internal Medicine Unit

BACKGROUND There are many benefits of nursing professionals being able to consult and record electronic clinical histories [ECH] at the point of care. It promotes quality and patient security, communication, continuity of care and time dedicated to records. OBJECTIVE This project evaluates the impact of having nursing records on electronic tablets at the patient’s bedside in relation to the time dedicated to the records. METHODS A before after single branch trial study was carried out in the internal medicine unit. A total of 130 observations of 2 to 3 hours duration were made. We calculated the time dedicated to measuring key patient signs, patient evaluation and ECH recording. The main variable was time spent per patient. RESULTS The analysis results for the whole sample show significant differences 0.44±0.13 min [w=-3.208, p=0.001] in the time dedicated to each patient. The findings showed a reduction in time spent on records when the tablets were used because transcription, latency time and displacements were no longer necessary. CONCLUSIONS There were different results for the different work shifts. It could have been due to multiple factors that can develop in any care situation in complex organisations like hospitals.

scholarly journals An Intact Cell Bioluminescence-Based Assay for the Simple and Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5015
Author(s):  
Sherwin Reyes ◽  
Nga Le ◽  
Mary Denneth Fuentes ◽  
Jonathan Upegui ◽  
Emre Dikici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Photobacterium Leiognathi ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Detection Window ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, accounting for a substantial portion of outpatient hospital and clinic visits. Standard diagnosis of UTI by culture and sensitivity can take at least 48 h, and improper diagnosis can lead to an increase in antibiotic resistance following therapy. To address these shortcomings, rapid bioluminescence assays were developed and evaluated for the detection of UTI using intact, viable cells of Photobacterium mandapamensis USTCMS 1132 or previously lyophilized cells of Photobacterium leiognathi ATCC 33981™. Two platform technologies—tube bioluminescence extinction technology urine (TuBETUr) and cellphone-based UTI bioluminescence extinction technology (CUBET)—were developed and standardized using artificial urine to detect four commonly isolated UTI pathogens—namely, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Besides detection, these assays could also provide information regarding pathogen concentration/level, helping guide treatment decisions. These technologies were able to detect microbes associated with UTI at less than 105 CFU/mL, which is usually the lower cut-off limit for a positive UTI diagnosis. Among the 29 positive UTI samples yielding 105–106 CFU/mL pathogen concentrations, a total of 29 urine specimens were correctly detected by TuBETUr as UTI-positive based on an 1119 s detection window. Similarly, the rapid CUBET method was able to discriminate UTIs from normal samples with high confidence (p ≤ 0.0001), using single-pot conditions and cell phone-based monitoring. These technologies could potentially address the need for point-of-care UTI detection while reducing the possibility of antibiotic resistance associated with misdiagnosed cases of urinary tract infections, especially in low-resource environments.

Vacuum X-Ray Instrumentation and its Application to Mill-Products Control

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 477-485
Author(s):  
H. T. Dryer ◽  
E. Davidson ◽  
G. Andermann
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
The Way

AbstractWith the introduction in 1960 of the first commercial multichannel vacuum X-ray spectrometers, ARL opened the way for greater economy of operation for light-element analysis over conventional helium-path instrumentation. The design concepts and features of these instruments are discussed, including the adaptability to “on-stream” or continuous analyzer programs. The successful application of vacuum X-ray equipment for the analysis of ores, concentrates, and slags will be presented. Factors relating to sample preparation, precision, and accuracy are given and analytical sensitivity and speed are covered.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Sample Preparation on Mass Spectrometry-Based Drug-To-Antibody Ratio Determination for Cysteine- and Lysine-Linked Antibody–Drug Conjugates

Antibodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Malin Källsten ◽  
Rafael Hartmann ◽  
Lucia Kovac ◽  
Fredrik Lehmann ◽  
Sara Bergström Lind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Antibody Molecule ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugates ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antibody Ratio ◽  
Antibody Drug

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are heterogeneous biotherapeutics and differ vastly in their physicochemical properties depending on their design. The number of small drug molecules covalently attached to each antibody molecule is commonly referred to as the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). Established analytical protocols for mass spectrometry (MS)-investigation of antibodies and ADCs often require sample treatment such as desalting or interchain disulfide bond reduction prior to analysis. Herein, the impact of the desalting and reduction steps—as well as the sample concentration and elapsed time between synthesis and analysis of DAR-values (as acquired by reversed phase liquid chromatography MS (RPLC–MS))—was investigated. It was found that the apparent DAR-values could fluctuate by up to 0.6 DAR units due to changes in the sample preparation workflow. For methods involving disulfide reduction by means of dithiothreitol (DTT), an acidic quench is recommended in order to increase DAR reliability. Furthermore, the addition of a desalting step was shown to benefit the ionization efficiencies in RPLC–MS. Finally, in the case of delayed analyses, samples can be stored at four degrees Celsius for up to one week but are better stored at −20 °C for longer periods of time. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that commonly used sample preparation procedures and storage conditions themselves may impact MS-derived DAR-values, which should be taken into account when evaluating analytical procedures.

scholarly journals Trends in Primary Antibiotic Resistance in H. pylori Strains Isolated in Italy between 2009 and 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Maria Saracino ◽  
Giulia Fiorini ◽  
Angelo Zullo ◽  
Matteo Pavoni ◽  
Laura Saccomanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Multiple Biopsies ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background and aims: the increasing prevalence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents is a critical issue for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. This study aimed to evaluate, in Italian naïve patients, H. pylori antibiotic resistance trends and their potential predictive factors during the last decade. Methods: consecutive Italian naïve H. pylori positive patients, referred from General Practitioners to our Unit from January 2009 to January 2019 to perform an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE), were considered. Each patient underwent 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) and UGIE with multiple biopsies to perform rapid urease test (RUT), culture/susceptibility test (vs. clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin), and histopathological examination. H. pylori status was assessed through CRM (composite reference method: at least two tests positive or only culture positive). Results: between 2009 and 2014, 1763 patients were diagnosed as H. pylori positive, 907 were naïve with antibiogram available. Between 2015 and 2019, 1415 patients were diagnosed as H. pylori positive, antibiotic susceptibility test was available in 739 naïve patients. H. pylori primary antibiotic resistance rates in the first and second five-year period were, respectively, clarithromycin 30.2% (95% CI 27.2–33.3), 37.8% (95% CI 34.2–41.4); metronidazole 33.3% (95% CI 30.2–36.5), 33.6% (95% CI 30.2–37.1); levofloxacin 25.6% (95% CI 22.8–28.5), 33.8% (95% CI 37.4–47.4), double resistance clarithromycin-metronidazole 18.9% (95% CI 16.4–21.6), 20.7% (95% CI 17.8–23.8). The increase of the resistance rates to clarithromycin and levofloxacin in naïve patients was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although eradication rates for sequential therapy in the 10 years considered were 93.4% (95% CI 92–94.6) and 87.5% (95% CI 85.7–89) at per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, respectively, they showed a significant decrease in the second five-year period. Conclusions: this data highlights an increase in primary H. pylori antibiotic resistance and strongly suggests the importance of drug susceptibility testing also in naïve patients.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Diagnostics of COVID-19: From Current Work to Future Perspectives

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba A. Hussein ◽  
Rabeay Y. A. Hassan ◽  
Marco Chino ◽  
Ferdinando Febbraio
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Reliable Methods

Coronaviruses have received global concern since 2003, when an outbreak caused by SARS-CoV emerged in China. Later on, in 2012, the Middle-East respiratory syndrome spread in Saudi Arabia, caused by MERS-CoV. Currently, the global crisis is caused by the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to the same lineage of SARS-CoV. In response to the urgent need of diagnostic tools, several lab-based and biosensing techniques have been proposed so far. Five main areas have been individuated and discussed in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. The cell-culture detection and the microneutralization tests are still considered highly reliable methods. The genetic screening, featuring the well-established Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), represents the gold standard for virus detection in nasopharyngeal swabs. On the other side, immunoassays were developed, either by screening/antigen recognition of IgM/IgG or by detecting the whole virus, in blood and sera. Next, proteomic mass-spectrometry (MS)-based methodologies have also been proposed for the analysis of swab samples. Finally, virus-biosensing devices were efficiently designed. Both electrochemical immunosensors and eye-based technologies have been described, showing detection times lower than 10 min after swab introduction. Alternative to swab-based techniques, lateral flow point-of-care immunoassays are already commercially available for the analysis of blood samples. Such biosensing devices hold the advantage of being portable for on-site testing in hospitals, airports, and hotspots, virtually without any sample treatment or complicated lab precautions.

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