Extracellular recording of direct synaptic signals with a CMOS-nanoelectrode array

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 3239-3248
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Abbott ◽  
Tianyang Ye ◽  
Keith Krenek ◽  
Rona S. Gertner ◽  
Wenxuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Nanoelectrode Arrays

In this work, we use extracellular nanoelectrode arrays to non-invasively map, record, and stimulate in vitro rat neurons and their synaptic connections.

scholarly journals Oxytocin shapes spontaneous activity patterns in the developing visual cortex by activating somatostatin interneurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma P Maldonado ◽  
Alvaro Nuno-Perez ◽  
Jan Kirchner ◽  
Elizabeth Hammock ◽  
Julijana Gjorgjieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Pairwise Correlations ◽  
Early Brain Development

SummarySpontaneous network activity shapes emerging neuronal circuits during early brain development, however how neuromodulation influences this activity is not fully understood. Here, we report that the neuromodulator oxytocin powerfully shapes spontaneous activity patterns. In vivo, oxytocin strongly decreased the frequency and pairwise correlations of spontaneous activity events in visual cortex (V1), but not in somatosensory cortex (S1). This differential effect was a consequence of oxytocin only increasing inhibition in V1 and increasing both inhibition and excitation in S1. The increase in inhibition was mediated by the depolarization and increase in excitability of somatostatin+ (SST) interneurons specifically. Accordingly, silencing SST+ neurons pharmacogenetically fully blocked oxytocin’s effect on inhibition in vitro as well its effect on spontaneous activity patterns in vivo. Thus, oxytocin decreases the excitatory/inhibitory ratio and modulates specific features of V1 spontaneous activity patterns that are crucial for refining developing synaptic connections and sensory processing later in life.

scholarly journals Model-based detection of putative synaptic connections from spike recordings with latency and type constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1588-1604
Author(s):  
Naixin Ren ◽  
Shinya Ito ◽  
Hadi Hafizi ◽  
John M. Beggs ◽  
Ian H. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Problem ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Multielectrode Array ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Synaptic Effects ◽  
Synapse Detection

Detecting synaptic connections using large-scale extracellular spike recordings is a difficult statistical problem. Here, we develop an extension of a generalized linear model that explicitly separates fast synaptic effects and slow background fluctuations in cross-correlograms between pairs of neurons while incorporating circuit properties learned from the whole network. This model outperforms two previously developed synapse detection methods in the simulated networks and recovers plausible connections from hundreds of neurons in in vitro multielectrode array data.

Diversity of neurogenic smooth muscle electrical rhythmicity in mouse proximal colon

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. G244-G253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick J. Spencer ◽  
Lee Travis ◽  
Lukasz Wiklendt ◽  
Timothy J. Hibberd ◽  
Marcello Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Mouse Colon ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis

The mechanisms underlying electrical rhythmicity in smooth muscle of the proximal colon are incompletely understood. Our aim was to identify patterns of electrical rhythmicity in smooth muscle of the proximal region of isolated whole mouse colon and characterize their mechanisms of origin. Two independent extracellular recording electrodes were used to record the patterns of electrical activity in smooth muscle of the proximal region of whole isolated mouse colon. Cross-correlation analysis was used to quantify spatial coordination of these electrical activities over increasing electrode separation distances. Four distinct neurogenic patterns of electrical rhythmicity were identified in smooth muscle of the proximal colon, three of which have not been identified and consisted of bursts of rhythmic action potentials at 1–2 Hz that were abolished by hexamethonium. These neurogenic patterns of electrical rhythmicity in smooth muscle were spatially and temporally synchronized over large separation distances (≥2 mm rosto-caudal axis). Myogenic slow waves could be recorded from the same preparations, but they showed poor spatial and temporal coordination over even short distances (≤1 mm rostro-caudal axis). It is not commonly thought that electrical rhythmicity in gastrointestinal smooth muscle is dependent upon the enteric nervous system. Here, we identified neurogenic patterns of electrical rhythmicity in smooth muscle of the proximal region of isolated mouse colon, which are dependent on synaptic transmission in the enteric nervous system. If the whole colon is studied in vitro, recordings can preserve novel neurogenic patterns of electrical rhythmicity in smooth muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previously, it has not often been thought that electrical rhythmicity in smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract is dependent upon the enteric nervous system. We identified patterns of electrical rhythmicity in smooth muscle of the mouse proximal colon that were abolished by hexamethonium and involved the temporal synchronization of smooth muscle membrane potential over large spatial fields. We reveal different patterns of electrical rhythmicity in colonic smooth muscle that are dependent on the ENS.

Model network architectures in vitro on extracellular recording systems using microcontact printing

2001 ◽  
Vol 117 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 281-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sprössler ◽  
M. Scholl ◽  
M.C. Denyer ◽  
M. Krause ◽  
K. Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcontact Printing ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Model Network

scholarly journals Periinfarct and Remote Excitability Changes after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Neumann-Haefelin ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Early Reperfusion ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
Cortical Regions

Transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion results in substantially smaller cortical infarcts than permanent MCA occlusion if reperfusion is initiated within the first few hours. Only little information is available on the long-term functional outcome of the cortical regions “salvaged” by early reperfusion. To address this issue we examined basic electrophysiologic parameters in vitro using standard extracellular recording techniques at 7 and 28 days after transient MCA occlusion (1- and 2-hour ischemia) in rats. Both neocortical areas ipsi- and contralateral to MCA occlusion were systematically mapped to delineate the extent of periinfarct and remote alterations. In the periinfarct region we found a significant reduction of field potential amplitudes up to 3 mm when measuring from the infarct border at 7 days and up to 7 mm at 28 days. Paired-pulse inhibition, an indicator of GABAergic transmission, was only moderately impaired in this region at 7 days and not significantly different from control at 28 days. Remote effects were observed both ipsi- and contralaterally. Ipsilaterally they were restricted to a region close to the midline (presumably motor cortex) and were most likely attributable to the degeneration of corticostriatal connections. The extent of the contralateral excitability changes was clearly related to the size of the neocortical infarcts with large infarcts resulting in the widespread reduction of field potential amplitudes and an impairment of paired-pulse inhibition. The results show that there is a relatively large periinfarct region with decreased overall excitability after transient MCA occlusion which is likely to have a profound effect on perilesional processes involved in functional recovery. Remote excitability changes may contribute to the functional deficit and are probably related to deafferentation.

Axon terminal hyperexcitability associated with epileptogenesis in vitro. I. Origin of ectopic spikes

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Stasheff ◽  
M. Hines ◽  
W. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Model Neuron ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Electrographic Seizures ◽  
Ca3 Pyramidal Cells

1. Intracellular and extracellular recording techniques were used to study the increase in ectopic (i.e., nonsomatic) action-potential generation occurring among CA3 pyramidal cells during the kindling-like induction of electrographic seizures (EGSs) in this subpopulation of the hippocampal slice. Kindling-like stimulus trains (60 Hz, 2 s) were delivered to s. radiatum of CA3 at 10-min intervals. As EGSs developed, the frequency of ectopic firing increased markedly (by 10.33 +/- 3.29 spikes/min, mean +/- SE, P << 0.01). Several methods were applied to determine the initiation site for these action potentials within the cell (axons vs. dendrites). 2. Collision tests were conducted between known antidromic and orthodromic action potentials in CA3 cells to determine the critical period, c, for collision. Attempts were then made to collide ectopic spikes with known antidromic action potentials. At intervals less than c, ectopic spikes failed to collide with antidromic ones, in 5 of 10 cases. In these cells, this clearly indicates that the ectopic spikes were themselves of axonal origin. In the remaining five cases, ectopic spikes collided with antidromic action potentials at intervals approximately equal to c, most likely because of interactions within the complex system of recurrent axon collaterals in CA3. 3. Action potentials of CA3 pyramidal cells were simulated with the use of a compartmental computer model, NEURON. These simulations were based on prior models of CA3 pyramidal neurons and of the motoneuron action potential. Simulated action potentials generated in axonal compartments possessed a prominent inflection on their rising phase (IS-SD break), which was difficult to appreciate in those spikes generated in somatic or dendritic compartments. 4. An analysis of action potentials recorded experimentally from CA3 pyramidal cells also showed that antidromic spikes possess a prominent IS-SD break that is not present in orthodromic spikes. In addition to identified antidromic action potentials, ectopic spikes also possess such an inflection. Together with the predictions of computer simulations, this analysis also indicates that ectopic spikes originate in the axons of CA3 cells. 5. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 50 microM) was locally applied by pressure injection while monitoring ectopic spike activity. Localized application of TTX to regions of the slice that could include the axons but not the dendrites of recorded cells abolished or markedly reduced the frequency of ectopic spikes (n = 5), further confirming the hypothesis that these action potentials arise from CA3 axons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Dopaminergic modulation of basal ganglia output through coupled excitation–inhibition

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 5713-5718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Budzillo ◽  
Alison Duffy ◽  
Kimberly E. Miller ◽  
Adrienne L. Fairhall ◽  
David J. Perkel
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Biophysical Mechanism ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Neural Variability ◽  
Vocal Variability ◽  
Selection Of

Learning and maintenance of skilled movements require exploration of motor space and selection of appropriate actions. Vocal learning and social context-dependent plasticity in songbirds depend on a basal ganglia circuit, which actively generates vocal variability. Dopamine in the basal ganglia reduces trial-to-trial neural variability when the bird engages in courtship song. Here, we present evidence for a unique, tonically active, excitatory interneuron in the songbird basal ganglia that makes strong synaptic connections onto output pallidal neurons, often linked in time with inhibitory events. Dopamine receptor activity modulates the coupling of these excitatory and inhibitory events in vitro, which results in a dynamic change in the synchrony of a modeled population of basal ganglia output neurons receiving excitatory and inhibitory inputs. The excitatory interneuron thus serves as one biophysical mechanism for the introduction or modulation of neural variability in this circuit.

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