Reconfigurable microfluidics: real-time shaping of virtual channels through hydrodynamic forces

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1720-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Taylor ◽  
Govind V. Kaigala
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Hydrodynamic Forces ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Hydrodynamic Focusing ◽  
Virtual Channels ◽  
2D Flow ◽  
Microscale Flows

Virtual microfluidic channels, formed through hydrodynamic focusing within a 2D flow cell, enable the dynamic implementation of key microfluidic functionalities, such as the precise guiding, splitting, merging and mixing of microscale flows.

Microfluidic Gas Sensing with Living Microbial Cells Confined in a Microaquarium

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Ozasa ◽  
Jee Soo Lee ◽  
Simon Song ◽  
Masahiko Hara ◽  
Mizuo Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Sensor Chip ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
On Chip

We investigated on-chip cytotoxicity gas sensing using the bacterial chemotaxis of Euglena confined in a microaquarium. The sensor chip made from PDMS had one microaquarium and two microfluidic channels passing aside of the microaquarium. The chemotactic microbial cells were confined in the microaquarium, whereas two gases (one sample and one reference) flowed in the two isolated microchannels. Gas molecules move from the microchannels into the microaquarium by permeation through porous PDMS wall, and dissolve into the water in the microaquarium, where Euglena cells are swimming. The chemotactic movements of Euglena were observed with an optical microscope and measured as traces in real time. By injecting CO2 and air into each microchannel separately, the Euglena cells in the microaquarium moved to air side, escaping from CO2. This observation showed that the concentration gradient of CO2 was produced in the water in the microaquarium. The CO2-avoiding movement of Euglena was increased largely at a CO2 concentration of 40%, and then moderately increased above 60%. Some Euglena cells stopped swimming at the air side of the microaquarium and remained there even after CO2 has been removed, which can be used as the indicator of CO2 history.

scholarly journals Virtual Channel aware Scheduling for Real Time Data-Flows on Network on-Chip

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-510
Author(s):  
Amine Meghabber ◽  
Lakhdar Loukil ◽  
Richard Olejnik ◽  
Abou El Hassan Benyamina ◽  
Abdelkader Aroui
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Virtual Channels ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
On Chip

The increasing complexity of real-time applications presents a challenge to researchers and software designers. The tasks of these applications usually exchange large volume of data-flows and often need to satisfy real-time constraints. Although the Network on-Chip (NoC) paradigm offers an underlying communication infrastructure that gives more hardware resources, it is unable to safe tasks and data-flows deadlines. In recent works, preemptive wormhole switching with fixed priority has been introduced to meet real-time constraints of real-time applications. However, it suffers some bottleneck such as hardware requirement where none of these works takes account of the number of implemented virtual channels on the router. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel scheduler for soft real-time data-flows application that takes into account the lack on resource in routers in term of Virtual channels. Experimental results obtained on a benchmark of synthetic and soft real applications have shown the efficiency of our approach in term of real-time constraints satisfaction for data-flow traffics and hardware requirements.

scholarly journals Adaptive nanopore sequencing on miniature flow cell detects extensive antimicrobial resistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Viehweger ◽  
Mike Marquet ◽  
Martin Hölzer ◽  
Nadine Dietze ◽  
Mathias Pletz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
New Type

Rapid screening of hospital admissions to detect asymptomatic carriers of resistant bacteria can prevent pathogen outbreaks. However, the resulting isolates rarely have their genome sequenced due to cost constraints and long turn-around times to get and process the data, limiting their usefulness to the practitioner. Here we use real-time, on-device target enrichment ("adaptive") sequencing on a new type of low-cost nanopore flow cell as a highly multiplexed assay covering 1,147 antimicrobial resistance genes. Using this method, we detected four types of carbapenemase in a single isolate of Raoultella ornithinolytica (NDM, KPC, VIM, OXA). Further investigation revealed extensive horizontal gene transfer within the underlying microbial consortium, increasing the risk of resistance spreading. Real-time sequencing could thus quickly inform how to monitor this case and its surroundings.

Algorithm for real-time colour mixing of a five-channel LED system while optimising spectral quality parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352110580
Author(s):  
A Eissfeldt ◽  
TQ Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Spectral Quality ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Virtual Channels ◽  
Quality Aspect

Multichannel LED luminaires with more than three channels offer the advantage to vary the spectrum and keeping the chromaticity steady. However, the optimisation calculations of various quality metrics are a challenge for real-time implementation, especially for the limited resources of a luminaire’s microcontroller. Here, we present a method in which a five-channel system is simulated with a quickly solvable 3-channel system by defining virtual channels, each consisting of two LED channels. An analysis of the influence of the parameterisation of the virtual valences on various quality metrics is presented. It shows how these parameters must be set at the time of the mixing calculation, in order to optimise the desired quality aspect. The mixing calculation can thus be carried out in real-time without high hardware requirements and is suitable for further developments, for example, to compensate for colour drift of the LEDs through sensor feedback.

Real-Time Sizing of Nanoparticles in Microfluidic Channels Using Confocal Correlation Spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Kuyper ◽  
Kristi L. Budzinski ◽  
Robert M. Lorenz ◽  
Daniel T. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Microfluidic Channels

Highly reproducible SERS detection in sequential injection analysis: Real time preparation and application of photo-reduced silver substrate in a moving flow-cell

Talanta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa R. EL-Zahry ◽  
Andreas Genner ◽  
Ibrahim H. Refaat ◽  
Horria A. Mohamed ◽  
Bernhard Lendl
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Sequential Injection Analysis ◽  
Sequential Injection ◽  
Silver Substrate ◽  
Sers Detection

In situultra-small-angle X-ray scattering study of the solution-mediated formation and growth of nanocrystalline ceria

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Allen ◽  
Vincent A. Hackley ◽  
Pete R. Jemian ◽  
Jan Ilavsky ◽  
Joan M. Raitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Nanocrystalline Ceria ◽  
Ray Scattering

Results are presented for anin situsynchrotron-based ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) study of the solution-mediated formation and growth of nanocrystalline ceria (n-CeO2) using a new remote-controlled, isothermal, circulating fluid flow cell. The fluid flow mitigates or reduces X-ray beam-induced damage, air bubbles or particulate flocculation within the bulk solution, but prevents any coarse particulates that do form from settling out from suspension. Combined with the large-scale range accessible in USAXS studies, the flow cell has enabled measurement,in situand in real time, of structural characteristics from 10 Å to a few micrometres in size as a function of the changing physical and chemical conditions. By applying a multi-component model, the nanoparticle formation and growth component has been identified. Control and online monitoring of flow rate, temperature and pH suspension conditions have permitted real-time studies of the formation and growth of the individual n-CeO2particles from homogeneous dilute solution over several hours. Aspects of the nanoparticle nucleation and growth are revealed that have not been observed directly in measurements on this system.

In situ monitoring of the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas putida on hematite using flow-cell ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to investigate the formation of inner-sphere bonds between the bacteria and the mineral

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Ojeda ◽  
M. E. Romero-Gonzalez ◽  
H. M. Pouran ◽  
S. A. Banwart
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Germanium Crystal ◽  
Carboxylate Groups

AbstractIn situ flow-cell ATR-FTIR using a hematite-coated germanium crystal was used to investigate the chemical interactions between Pseudomonas putida and hematite in real time, when compared with cells not attached to the mineral surface. ATR-FTIR spectra of bacteria growing on hematite showed a shift in the carboxylate signal when compared to the samples obtained from free cells, indicating a chemical interaction between the carboxylate groups and the Fe metal ions of the hematite surface. Small differences in the polysaccharide and phosphoryl regions of the IR spectra of bacteria attached to hematite were also observed. This work shows how the use of in-situ flow-cell experiments with a mineral-coated germanium crystal allows a better description of the bacterial interactions with minerals in real time, as an initial step to understand the fundamental mechanisms involved in the relationship between bacteria and mineral surfaces.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document