Hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification of biomass and model compounds: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 8210-8232
Author(s):  
Chuang Yang ◽  
Shuzhong Wang ◽  
Jianqiao Yang ◽  
Donghai Xu ◽  
Yanhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Catalytic hydrotreatment of HTL biocrude oil, SCWG of biomass, and hydrothermal conversion of model compounds are reviewed.

Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting (Grace) Chen ◽  
Zhenwei Wu ◽  
Buchun Si ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Biocrude Oil ◽  
Specification Analysis

This study aims to produce renewable diesel and biopriviliged chemicals from microalgae that can thrive in wastewater environment. <i>Spirulina</i> (SP) was converted into biocrude oil at 300ºC for a 30-minute reaction time via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil into different distillates. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into liquids at about 270ºC (steam temperature of the distillation). Physicochemical characterizations, including density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions, were carried out with the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ/kg) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. The Van Krevelan diagram of the distillates suggests that deoxygenation was effectively achieved by fractional distillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain biopriviliged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, the fuel specification analysis was conducted with the drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol.% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol.% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a qualified lubricity (<520 µm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH/g) and oxidation stability (>6 hr), as well as a comparable net heat of combustion (1% lower), ash content (29% lower) and viscosity (17% lower) to those of petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil converted via HTL.

scholarly journals An In-Depth Process Model for Fuel Production via Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Leonard Moser ◽  
Christina Penke ◽  
Valentin Batteiger
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Made In

One of the more promising technologies for future renewable fuel production from biomass is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Although enormous progress in the context of continuous experiments on demonstration plants has been made in the last years, still many research questions concerning the understanding of the HTL reaction network remain unanswered. In this study, a unique process model of an HTL process chain has been developed in Aspen Plus® for three feedstock, microalgae, sewage sludge and wheat straw. A process chain consisting of HTL, hydrotreatment (HT) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (cHTG) build the core process steps of the model, which uses 51 model compounds representing the hydrolysis products of the different biochemical groups lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, lignin, extractives and ash for modeling the biomass. Two extensive reaction networks of 272 and 290 reactions for the HTL and HT process step, respectively, lead to the intermediate biocrude (~200 model compounds) and the final upgraded biocrude product (~130 model compounds). The model can reproduce important characteristics, such as yields, elemental analyses, boiling point distribution, product fractions, density and higher heating values of experimental results from continuous experiments as well as literature values. The model can be applied as basis for techno-economic and environmental assessments of HTL fuel production, and may be further developed into a predictive yield modeling tool.

scholarly journals Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4492
Author(s):  
Komeil Kohansal ◽  
Kamaldeep Sharma ◽  
Saqib Sohail Toor ◽  
Eliana Lozano Sanchez ◽  
Joscha Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Catalytic Experiment ◽  
Alkali Catalysts ◽  
Alkali Elements

This study focuses on the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp) by hydrothermal liquefaction. Thereby, homogeneous alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, K2CO3, and Na2CO3) and a residual aqueous phase recirculation methodology were mutually employed to enhance the bio-crude yield and energy efficiency of a sub-critical hydrothermal conversion (350 °C, 15–20 Mpa, 15 min). Interestingly, single recirculation of the concentrated aqueous phase positively increased the bio-crude yield in all cases, while the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-crudes slightly dropped. Compared to the non-catalytic experiment, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 effectively increased the bio-crude yield by 14 and 7.3%, respectively. However, KOH and NaOH showed a negative variation in the bio-crude yield. The highest bio-crude yield (37.5 wt.%) and energy recovery (ER) (59.4%) were achieved when K2CO3 and concentrated aqueous phase recirculation were simultaneously applied to the process. The inorganics distribution results obtained by ICP reveal the tendency of the alkali elements to settle into the aqueous phase, which, if recovered, can potentially boost the circularity of the HTL process. Therefore, wise selection of the alkali catalyst along with aqueous phase recirculation assists hydrothermal liquefaction in green biofuel production and environmentally friendly valorization of biopulp.

Biocrude oil production via hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste in a simplified high-throughput eeactor

2021 ◽  
pp. 125750
Author(s):  
Ruetai Saengsuriwong ◽  
Thossaporn Onsree ◽  
Sanphawat Phromphithak ◽  
Nakorn Tippayawong Conceptualisation
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Heterogeneous catalytic upgrading of biocrude oil produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae: State of the art and own experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego López Barreiro ◽  
Blanca Ríos Gómez ◽  
Frederik Ronsse ◽  
Ursel Hornung ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Biocrude Oil Production through the Maillard Reaction between Leucine and Glucose during Hydrothermal Liquefaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 8758-8765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Aersi Aierzhati ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Weijuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Preliminary Study of Photosynthetic Bacteria Treating Hydrothermal Liquefaction Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 810-816
Author(s):  
Guo Yang Yuan ◽  
Hai Feng Lu ◽  
Shi Wei Huang ◽  
Yuan Hui Zhang ◽  
Bao Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Post hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) was generated during biocrude oil production. It contains lots of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous elements, which can cause environmental pollution and resource waste. Using photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) to treat this kind of wastewater can realize pollutants elimination and resource recovery. In this work, the feasibility of using PSB to treat PHWW was firstly investigated, and the treatment conditions were optimized. Results showed that the PSB can effectively degrade PHWW. The optimal initial COD concentration, inoculum size and light intensity for PSB to treat PHWW were 6000-10000 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 1000-3500 lux, respectively. With the initial COD concentration of 9000 mg/L, inoculum size of 50 mg/L and light intensity of 1000 lux, the COD, NH3-N, TP removal and biomass production reached to 71%, 90%, 47.2% and 773 mg/L, respectively. This showed that using PSB to treat PHWW can be an alternative method for PHWW nutrients recovery and pollutant treatment.

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