Antrodin A from Antrodia camphorata modulates the gut microbiome and liver metabolome in mice exposed to acute alcohol intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2925-2937
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Yi ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Lihong Liang ◽  
Guangqiang Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Antrodia Camphorata ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects

In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of AdA and the underlying mechanism at the liver metabolomics and gut microbiota levels under alcohol-induced liver injury conditions.

Gut dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract against alcohol through the gut–liver axis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yan ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xue-Yang Ren ◽  
Xiao-Yun Liu ◽  
Jia-Mu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Gut microbiota dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract (TQE) against alcoholic liver injury through gut–liver axis modulation.

scholarly journals Monofloral Triadica Cochinchinensis Honey Polyphenols Improve Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease by Regulating the Gut Microbiota of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Luo ◽  
Jinping Zhang ◽  
Mingyan Liu ◽  
Shengrong Qiu ◽  
Shengxiang Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Honey produced from medicinal plants holds great promise for human health. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in liver pathology after alcohol intake. The aim of this study was to identify the polyphenol composition of triadica cochinchinensis honey (TCH), and to study the potential effect of honey polyphenols on the regulation of gut microbes in mice with alcohol-induced liver injury and the improvement of alcohol-induced liver disease. For these purposes, a total of 190 compounds were identified and 27 of them were quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and we successfully established a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver injury. The results show that TCH polyphenols can significantly restore the levels of ALT and AST, and TCH intervention can significantly improve the pathological changes of liver tissue in alcohol-exposed mice. Additionally, a significant decrease was observed in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes after TCH treatment. Moreover, KEGG pathways of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, two-component system and biosynthesis of amino acids enriched the most differentially expressed genes after TCH intervention for 8 weeks. Our results may have important implications for the use of TCH as a functional food component with potential therapeutic utility against alcohol-induced liver disease.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome in tuberculosis susceptibility and treatment response: guilty or not guilty?

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osagie A. Eribo ◽  
Nelita du Plessis ◽  
Mumin Ozturk ◽  
Reto Guler ◽  
Gerhard Walzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

AbstractAlthough tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, it remains the foremost cause of death from a single pathogen. Globally, approximately 1.6 million people died of TB in 2017. Many predisposing factors related to host immunity, genetics and the environment have been linked to TB. However, recent evidence suggests a relationship between dysbiosis in the gut microbiome and TB disease development. The underlying mechanism(s) whereby dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may impact the different stages in TB disease progression, are, however, not fully explained. In the wake of recently emerging literature, the gut microbiome could represent a potential modifiable host factor to improve TB immunity and treatment response. Herein, we summarize early data detailing (1) possible association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and TB (2) the potential for the use of microbiota biosignatures to discriminate active TB disease from healthy individuals (3) the adverse effect of protracted anti-TB antibiotics treatment on gut microbiota balance, and possible link to increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis re-infection or TB recrudescence following successful cure. We also discuss immune pathways whereby the gut microbiome could impact TB disease and serve as target for clinical manipulation.

scholarly journals The Prebiotic-Like Effects of Coprinus comatus Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota in Normal Mice and Those with Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Yongxia Wang ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
Yuting Liang ◽  
Xiaoqing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Injury ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Coprinus Comatus ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Microbiota Structure

This study aims to investigate the prebiotic-like effects of Coprinus comatus polysaccharides (CCP) on gut microbiota. Mice were divided into four groups: normal group (NG), alcohol group (AG), polysaccharides group (PG), and alcohol + polysaccharides group (APG). The gut microbiota structure of feces was analyzed by determining the V3-V4 region sequence in 16S rDNA. The results showed CCP could increase the diversity of gut microbiota. Compared with NG, PG had a significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae and a lower abundance of Rikenellaceae. These changes in gut microbiota result in positive effects on gut due to a series of prebiotic-like effects of CCP. At the same time, CCP could improve some adverse changes in gut microbiota caused by acute alcohol intake, such as the increased proportion of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae and the decreased proportion of Rikenellaceae. In conclusion, the CCP has certain prebiotic effects not only on normal mice but also on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury.

scholarly journals Human Gut Microbiome and Liver Diseases: From Correlation to Causation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhengsheng Mao ◽  
Xujun Ye ◽  
Tao Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Traditional Function ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing

The important role of human gut microbiota in liver diseases has long been recognized as dysbiosis and the translocation of certain microbes from the gut to liver. With the development of high-throughput DNA sequencing, the complexity and integrity of the gut microbiome in the whole spectrum of liver diseases is emerging. Specific patterns of gut microbiota have been identified in liver diseases with different causes, including alcoholic, non-alcoholic, and virus induced liver diseases, or even at different stages, ranging from steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, to hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time, the mechanism of how microbiota contributes to liver diseases goes beyond the traditional function of the gut–liver axis which could lead to liver injury and inflammation. With the application of proteomics, metabolomics, and modern molecular technologies, more microbial metabolites and the complicated interaction of microbiota with host immunity come into our understanding in the liver pathogenesis. Germ-free animal models serve as a workhorse to test the function of microbiota and their derivatives in liver disease models. Here, we review the current evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota and liver diseases, and the mechanisms underlying this phenotype. In addition to original liver diseases, gut microbiota might also affect liver injury in systemic disorders involving multiple organs, as in the case of COVID-19 at a severe state. A better understanding of the gut microbial contribution to liver diseases might help us better benefit from this guest–host relationship and pave the way for novel therapies.

scholarly journals Enterotype-like microbiome stratification as emergent structure in complex adaptive systems: A mathematical model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Mathematical Meaning ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Stability And Resilience

AbstractBackgroundMetagenomics has provided valuable insight into human gut microbiome composition together with its structure and function. Studies suggest that the adult gut microbial community possess a certain amount of stability and resilience. The architecture of host-microbial symbiotic states suggested by microbiome clustering findings and co-occurrence functional networks might be involved in these properties. Models for understanding the underlying structure (including enterotypes) and derived properties are in demand by researchers.Principal findingsWe propose a simple random function system as a model approach of the adaption and self-organization of the microbiome space when fostering the optimal functioning of the system. The construction of this model is based on key facts of microbiota functioning reported in recent studies. We aim to demonstrate the existence of a probability distribution as a microbiome attractor resulting from an intermittent adaption process. Its mathematical structural properties explain the stability of gut microbiota and its ability for restoration after occasional perturbations. The model is consistent with microbiome clustering results and provides precise mathematical meaning to the gradient among enterotypes previously reported. The model also explains how intermittent perturbations, such as long-term dietary patterns, might affect the microbiome structure, and these results are consistent with previously reported experimental results.Conclusions/significanceThese mathematical facts implied by the model unveil an underlying mechanism that may explain gut microbiome structure and related experimental findings. Within this framework, stability and resilience properties of human gut microbiota are explained as a consequence of the model.

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

Explore the mechanism of Swertia mussotii Franch. for hepatoprotective effects with iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Yun ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Yiwei Ding ◽  
Wendou Xiong ◽  
Xianglan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects

Background and Objective : A Tibetan traditional herb named Swertia mussotii Franch., also called “Zangyinchen” by the local people of Qinghai-Tibet area, has been used to protect the liver from injury for many years. However, the curative effect and molecular mechanism of the herb have not been demonstrated clearly. Materials and Methods: In our study, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels were examined after S. mussotii Franch. treatment in the acute liver injury of the carbon tetrachloride-induced rat model. Then, Proteome Analysis was applied to explore the potential mechanism of SMT for hepatoprotective effects after iTRAQLC-MS/MS analysis (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer with tandem mass spectrometry). Results: Serum results showed, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels of rats with acute liver injury were all improved with SMT treatment. Moreover, Proteome Analysis suggested that, with S. Mussotii Franch. treatment, the levels of lipid catabolic process and lipid homeostasis were all enhanced. And the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis illustrated that these proteins assembled in PPI networks were found almost significantly enriched in response to lipid, negative regulation of lipase activity, response to lipopolysaccharide etc. Furthermore, the downregulated MRP14 and MRP8 proteins were found involved in the lipid metabolism, which may indicate the mechanism of SMT protection liver from ALI induced by carbon tetrachloride. Conclusion: SMT herb could play a role in hepatoprotection and alleviate the effect of acute liver injury by impacting the lipid metabolism associated biological process.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota modulation induced by Zika virus infection in immunocompetent mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Corrêa ◽  
Igor de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Heloísa Antoniella Braz-de-Melo ◽  
Lívia Pimentel de Sant’Ana ◽  
Raquel das Neves Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractGut microbiota composition can modulate neuroendocrine function, inflammation, and cellular and immunological responses against different pathogens, including viruses. Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect adult immunocompetent individuals and trigger brain damage and antiviral responses. However, it is not known whether ZIKV infection could impact the gut microbiome from adult immunocompetent mice. Here, we investigated modifications induced by ZIKV infection in the gut microbiome of immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. Adult C57BL/6J mice were infected with ZIKV and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by next-generation sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region present in the bacterial 16S rDNA gene. Our data showed that ZIKV infection triggered a significant decrease in the bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla, and increased Deferribacteres and Spirochaetes phyla components compared to uninfected mice. Interestingly, ZIKV infection triggered a significant increase in the abundance of bacteria from the Spirochaetaceae family in the gut microbiota. Lastly, we demonstrated that modulation of microbiota induced by ZIKV infection may lead to intestinal epithelium damage and intense leukocyte recruitment to the intestinal mucosa. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ZIKV infection can impact the gut microbiota composition and colon tissue homeostasis in adult immunocompetent mice.

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