Molecular mechanisms from insulin-mimetic effect of vitamin D: Treatment alternative in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin A Torres Dominguez ◽  
Abigail Meza Peñafiel ◽  
Arturo Gómez Pedraza ◽  
Edwin E Martínez Leo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Insulin Mimetic

Diabetes mellitus is a complex and multifactorial disease with a global prevalence that exceeds 425 million people. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a state of insulin resistance,...

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Jesús Burillo ◽  
Patricia Marqués ◽  
Beatriz Jiménez ◽  
Carlos González-Blanco ◽  
Manuel Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Progressive Disease

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease that is characterized by the appearance of insulin resistance. The term insulin resistance is very wide and could affect different proteins involved in insulin signaling, as well as other mechanisms. In this review, we have analyzed the main molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the connection between type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration, in general, and more specifically with the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease. We have studied, in more detail, the different processes involved, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Galicia-Garcia ◽  
Asier Benito-Vicente ◽  
Shifa Jebari ◽  
Asier Larrea-Sebal ◽  
Haziq Siddiqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Synthesis

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease. This review analyzes the key aspects of T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance. For that purpose, we summarize the data gathered up until now, focusing especially on insulin synthesis, insulin release, insulin sensing and on the downstream effects on individual insulin-sensitive organs. The review also covers the pathological conditions perpetuating T2DM such as nutritional factors, physical activity, gut dysbiosis and metabolic memory. Additionally, because T2DM is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development, we review here some of the molecular mechanisms that link T2DM and insulin resistance (IR) as well as cardiovascular risk as one of the most important complications in T2DM.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status is Independently Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 1393-1399
Author(s):  
Hang Zhao ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Chong Zheng ◽  
Luping Ren ◽  
Guangyao Song
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D Status

scholarly journals Genetic framework of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Arkad'evna Bondar' ◽  
Olesya Yur'evna Shabel'nikova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms

More than 100 genes associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are now established. Most of them affect insulin secretion, adipogenesis and insulin resistance, but the exact molecular mechanisms determining their involvement in the pathogenesis of T2DM are not understood completely.

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