Wheat germ glycoprotein regionally modulates immunosuppressed mouse intestinal immunity function from early life to adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Yun ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mouse ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Immunity Function

Wheat germ glycoprotein (WGP) is widely used due to its nutritional benefits and biological activity.

scholarly journals Coated zinc oxide improves intestinal immunity function and regulates microbiota composition in weaned piglets

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2123-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Shen ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Zhisheng Wang ◽  
Anguo Zhou ◽  
Miao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Immunity Function

The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that low concentrations of coated ZnO, as a substitute for a high concentration of ZnO (2250 mg Zn/kg), could improve intestinal immunity function and regulate microbiota composition, thus alleviating the incidence of diarrhoea in weaned piglets. A total of eighty-four cross-bred piglets, weaned at an age of 28 (sem 1) d, were allocated randomly, on the basis of average initial body weight (7·72 (sem 0·65) kg), to seven treatment groups as follows: a 250 mg Zn (ZnO)/kg group (low Zn; LZ) and a 2250 mg Zn (ZnO)/kg group (high Zn; HZ) that were offered diets containing ZnO at 250 and 2250 mg Zn/kg, respectively; and five experimental groups in which coated ZnO was added at 250, 380, 570, 760 and 1140 mg Zn/kg basal diet, respectively. The trial lasted 2 weeks. The results indicated that, compared with LZ treatment, supplementation with coated ZnO at 380 or 570 mg Zn/kg reduced (P< 0·05) diarrhoea index, increased (P< 0·05) duodenal villus height and the ratio of villus height:crypt depth, up-regulated (P< 0·05) the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, zonula occludens protein-1, occludin, IL-10 and transforming growth factor β1, and elevated (P< 0·05) secretory IgA concentration in the jejunal mucosa. Microbiota richness and the Shannon diversity index were also decreased (P< 0·05). Furthermore, piglets in the group fed coated ZnO at 380 or 570 mg Zn/kg did not differ from those in the HZ-fed group in relation to the aforementioned parameters. Collectively, a low concentration of coated ZnO (380 or 570 mg Zn/kg) can alleviate the incidence of diarrhoea by promoting intestinal development, protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier from damage, stimulating the mucosal immune system and regulating the microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-induced acceleration of type 1 diabetes alters maturation of innate intestinal immunity

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Song Zhang ◽  
Jackie Li ◽  
Kimberly A Krautkramer ◽  
Michelle Badri ◽  
Thomas Battaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Immune System Development

The early-life intestinal microbiota plays a key role in shaping host immune system development. We found that a single early-life antibiotic course (1PAT) accelerated type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in male NOD mice. The single course had deep and persistent effects on the intestinal microbiome, leading to altered cecal, hepatic, and serum metabolites. The exposure elicited sex-specific effects on chromatin states in the ileum and liver and perturbed ileal gene expression, altering normal maturational patterns. The global signature changes included specific genes controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. Microbiome analysis revealed four taxa each that potentially protect against or accelerate T1D onset, that were linked in a network model to specific differences in ileal gene expression. This simplified animal model reveals multiple potential pathways to understand pathogenesis by which early-life gut microbiome perturbations alter a global suite of intestinal responses, contributing to the accelerated and enhanced T1D development.

scholarly journals Biochemical Profile by GC–MS of Fungal Biomass Produced from the Ascospores of Tirmania nivea as a Natural Renewable Resource

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Jamal M. Khaled ◽  
Naiyf S. Alharbi ◽  
Ramzi A. Mothana ◽  
Shine Kadaikunnan ◽  
Ahmed S. Alobaidi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The edible fruiting bodies of desert truffles are seasonally collected and consumed in many regions of the world. Although they are very expensive, they are bought and sold as a result of considerable scientific reports confirming their health and nutritional benefits. This study aimed to conduct laboratory production of the fungal biomass of Tirmania nivea as a natural renewable resource of many active biological compounds using an artificial growth medium. The T. nivea collected from Hafar Al-Batin, which is north of Saudi Arabia, and their ascospores were harvested and used to produce fungal biomass in potato dextrose broth. The cultivation was conducted using a shaking incubator at 25 °C for two weeks at 200 rpm. The crud extracts of the fungal biomass and mycelium-free broth were prepared using ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane. Preliminary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and their biological activity as antimicrobial agents were investigated. The results showed that the crude extracts have biological activity against mold, yeast and bacteria. The preliminary GC–MS analysis reported that the fungal biomass and extracellular metabolites in the growth medium are industrial renewable resources of several biological compounds that could be used as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-trypanosomal and anti-inflammatory agents.

Regulation of wheat germ polysaccharides in the immune response of mice from newborn to adulthood associated with intestinal microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 9662-9674
Author(s):  
Liyuan Yun ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Wheat Germ

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of wheat germ polysaccharides (WGPs), which are indigestible carbohydrate fibers, on mice in early life, and the changes leading to long-lasting consequences.

Gut microbiota metabolite urolithin B attenuates intestinal immunity function through regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in aging mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Fuchao Chen ◽  
lei jiexin ◽  
Benhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Immunity Function ◽  
Urolithin B

Urolithin B (Uro B), one of the major subcategories of urolithins (microbiota metabolites) found in various tissues after ellagitannin consumption, has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The...

scholarly journals Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Gil ◽  
Ricardo Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Area Of Interest

AbstractThe present review focuses on the specific effects of nutrients on the development of the immune system in early life. There is a big gap regarding the specific mechanisms that regulate immunity at the intestinal level and their impact in the systemic immune function. For this reason, during the last few years there has been great interest in ascertaining the mechanisms that regulate the intestinal immune function, as well as to understand how specific nutrients interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We have reviewed this topic with special emphasis on how human milk, and its components, influence the early development of intestinal immunity in breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed infants. Interactions between nutrients and intestinal microbiota have also been reviewed. Some micronutrients such as nucleotides and gangliosides, which are present in human milk and also in most foods, are able to influence immune functionality at very low concentrations. The specific action of these micronutrients on some parameters of immunity, as well as their potential mechanisms of action, have been considered in detail. However, there are limited data on how other specific nutrients, namely protein and non-protein N-containing compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, and others, such as minerals, vitamins, fibre, non-nutritional dietary compounds (flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, etc), influence immunity. In the present review we have provided data regarding the potential effects of these compounds on the immune response in early life. The increasing use of functional foods by the public to improve their general health and prevent the incidence of chronic diseases has become a major area of interest within the nutrition community. Of the many functional foods available, probiotics have been most studied in infancy and childhood, particularly with regard to the prevention of allergic diseases. Infant formulae and fermented milks containing large quantities of probiotics are produced and consumed by Europeans and in other industrialized countries. In the present review we cover the clinical effects of probiotics in preventing disease during early life, as well as the potential mechanisms of interaction between probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Guidelines for unequivocal structural identification of compounds with biological activity of significance in food chemistry (IUPAC Technical Report)

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1417-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Molyneux ◽  
John J. Beck ◽  
Steven M. Colegate ◽  
John A. Edgar ◽  
William Gaffield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Food Chemistry ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Abstract Isolation of endogenous constituents of foods is generally performed in order to elucidate the biological activity of individual compounds and their role with respect to factors such as organoleptic qualities, health and nutritional benefits, plant protection against herbivores, pathogens and competition, and presence of toxic constituents. However, unless such compounds are unequivocally defined with respect to structure and purity, any biological activity data will be compromised. Procedures are therefore proposed for comprehensive elucidation of food-based organic structures using modern spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Also included are guidelines for the experimental details and types of data that should be reported in order for subsequent investigators to repeat and validate the work. Because food chemistry usually involves interdisciplinary collaboration, the purpose is to inform chemists and scientists from different fields, such as biological sciences, of common standards for the type and quality of data to be presented in elucidating and reporting structures of biologically active food constituents. The guidelines are designed to be understandable to chemists and non-chemists alike. This will enable unambiguous identification of compounds and ensure that the biological activity is based on a secure structural chemistry foundation.

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