Protective effect and mechanism of Monascus-fermented red yeast rice against colitis caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium ATCC 14028

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 6363-6375
Author(s):  
Ya-ping Huang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Ting Du ◽  
Xin-jun Du ◽  
Shuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

The effect of red yeast rice on Salmonella enterica-induced intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice as well as the underlying mechanism.

Monascus yellow, red and orange pigments from red yeast rice ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Wistar rats fed on a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Zhou ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
Weiling Guo ◽  
Jiali Hong ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Monascus yellow, red and orange pigments modulate specific gut microbial phylotypes and regulating mRNA expression involved in glucose, lipid and cholesterol metabolism.

scholarly journals Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction Regulates Treg/Th17 Balance to Ameliorate DSS-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Mice by Altering the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Mengxiong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Microbes

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic pathology associated with extensive intestinal microbial dysregulation and intestinal inflammation. Thus, efforts are underway to manipulate the gut microbiome to improve inflammatory pathology. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely utilized for treating diarrhea and ulcerative colitis (UC) for thousands of years. However, the underlying mechanism of its efficacy and whether its protective effect against colitis is mediated by the gut microbiota are poorly understood. In the present study, our data demonstrated that modified GQD (MGQD) administration significantly improved the pathological phenotypes and colonic inflammation challenged by DSS in mice, which were specifically manifested as reduced loss of body weight, shortening of colon length, DAI score, histological score and suppressed inflammatory response. 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabonomics analysis showed that MQGD altered the diversity and community landscape of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolic profiles. In particular, MQGD significantly boosted the abundance of the intestinal microbiota producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are causally associated with promoting the development of Treg cells and suppressing the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. More importantly, transferring fecal microbiota from MGQD-treated or healthy controls exhibited equivalent alleviative effects on colitis mice. However, this protective effect could not be replicated in experiments of mice with depleted intestinal microbes through broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktails (ABX), further supporting the importance of SCFA-producing gut microbiota in the beneficial role of MGQD. In general, MGQD therapy has the potential to remodel the intestinal microbiome and reestablish immune homeostasis to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis.

scholarly journals Intestinal function and transit associate with gut microbiota dysbiosis in cystic fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Marsh ◽  
Helen Gavillet ◽  
Liam Hanson ◽  
Christabella Ng ◽  
Mandisa Mitchell-Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

AbstractBackgroundMost people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms and are at risk of gut complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is apparent within the CF population across all age groups, with evidence linking dysbiosis to intestinal inflammation and other markers of health. This pilot study aimed to investigate the potential relationships between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal physiology, transit, and health.Study DesignFaecal samples from 10 pwCF and matched controls were subject to 16S rRNA sequencing. Results were combined with clinical metadata and MRI metrics of gut function to investigate relationships.ResultspwCF had significantly reduced microbiota diversity compared to controls. Microbiota compositions were significantly different, suggesting remodelling of core and rarer satellite taxa in CF. Dissimilarity between groups was driven by a variety of taxa, including Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. The core taxa were explained primarily by CF disease, whilst the satellite taxa were associated with pulmonary antibiotic usage, CF disease, and gut function metrics. Species-specific ordination biplots revealed relationships between taxa and the clinical or MRI-based variables observed.ConclusionsAlterations in gut function and transit resultant of CF disease are associated with the gut microbiota composition, notably the satellite taxa. Delayed transit in the small intestine might allow for the expansion of satellite taxa resulting in potential downstream consequences for core community function in the colon.HighlightsFaecal microbiota significantly differs between pwCF and healthy controlsKey SCFA producers contributed to microbiota dissimilarity between groupsPulmonary antibiotic treatment heavily impacted gut microbiotaIntestinal physiology and transit impacted satellite microbiota composition

Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides and ethanol extracts promote the recovery of colitis through intestinal barrier protection and gut microbiota modulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoyu Li ◽  
Leilei Yu ◽  
Qixiao Zhai ◽  
Bingshu Liu ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Ganoderma Applanatum ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with intestinal homeostasis dysregulation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Ganoderma applanatum extracts (G. applanatum polysaccharides (GAP) and...

scholarly journals Red yeast rice ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice in association with improved inflammation and altered gut microbiota composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3880-3889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhan Dong ◽  
Huimin Cheng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Meilan Xue ◽  
Hui Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Red yeast rice could significantly protect against atherosclerosis, which were possibly associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Microbiota and Attenuate Inflammatory in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3319
Author(s):  
Lingjun Tong ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Haining Hao ◽  
Qiqi Liu ◽  
Zihan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease. Probiotics have a potential beneficial effect on the prevention of UC onset and relapse in clinical trials. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) have shown clinical benefits on UC patients, however, the precise mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of extracellular vesicles released from L. rhamnosus GG (LGG-EVs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and propose the underlying mechanism of LGG-EVs for protecting against colitis. The results showed that LGG-EVs could prevent colonic tissue damage and shortening of the colon (p < 0.01), and ameliorate intestinal inflammation by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis activation. Consistently, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2) were suppressed effectively upon LGG-EVs treatment (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that LGG-EVs administration could reshape the gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice, which further alters the metabolism pathways of gut microbiota. These findings propose a novel perspective of L. rhamnosus GG in attenuating inflammation mediated by extracellular vesicles and offer consideration for developing oral gavage of LGG-EVs for colitis therapies.

scholarly journals Host tp53 mutation induces gut dysbiosis eliciting inflammation through disturbed sialic acid metabolism

Microbiome ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Geun Lee ◽  
Soohyun Lee ◽  
Juhee Jeon ◽  
Hyun Gi Kong ◽  
Hyun-Ju Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Abstract Background Host tp53 mutations are frequently found during the early stages of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but whether such mutations induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic intestinal inflammation that contributes to the development of CAC, remains unknown. Results We found that zebrafish tp53 mutant larvae exhibited elevated intestinal inflammation, by monitoring the NFκB activity in the mid-distal intestines of zebrafish larvae using an NFκB:EGFP transgenic reporter line in vivo as well as neutrophil infiltration into the intestine. This inflammation was due to dysbiotic gut microbiota with reduced diversity, revealed using both 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a germfree larva model. In this dysbiosis, Aeromonas spp. were aberrantly enriched as major pathobionts and exhibited the capacity for aggressive colonization in tp53 mutants. Importantly, the ex-germfree experiments supported the causality of the host tp53 mutation for inducing the inflammation. Transcriptome and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of the host gastrointestinal tracts identified dysregulated sialic acid (SA) metabolism concomitant with increased host Neu5Gc levels as the key determinant of aberrant inflammation, which was reversed by the sialidase inhibitors oseltamivir and Philippin A. Conclusions These results demonstrate a crucial role for host tp53 in maintaining symbiosis and immune homeostasis via SA metabolism. Disturbed SA metabolism via a tp53 mutation may be exploited by specific elements of the gut microbiome, eliciting both dysbiosis and inflammation. Manipulating sialometabolism may therefore provide an efficacious therapeutic strategy for tp53 mutation-induced dysbiosis, inflammation, and ultimately, related cancers.

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