Identification of Major Contributors in Atmospheric Particulate Matters to Oxidative Stress by Using Surrogate Particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keda Zhao ◽  
Min-Jie Li ◽  
Li-Xia Zhao ◽  
Nan Sang ◽  
Liang-Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate

Oxidative stress is a unifying mechanism of atmospheric particulate matter (PM)-induced adverse effects. Due to their complex composition the role of PM constituents in triggering oxidative stress remains unclear. We...

scholarly journals A case-crossover study to investigate the effects of atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, season and air temperature on accident and emergency presentations for cardiovascular events

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Contiero ◽  
Roberto Boffi ◽  
Giovanna Tagliabue ◽  
Alessandra Scaburri ◽  
Andrea Tittarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Accident And Emergency

Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has multiple adverse effects on human health; high temperatures are also associated with adverse health outcomes; and the frequency of cardiovascular events (CVEs) varies with season. We investigated a hypothesized increase in PM-related accident and emergency (A&E) presentations for CVE with temperature, season, days of high influenza incidence, and in persons with a cancer diagnosis. Methods: This was a time-stratified case-crossover study in which patients served as their own controls on days without A&E presentation. Outcomes were associations of A&E presentation for CVE with atmospheric PM ≤10μm (PM10), season, air temperature and influenza incidence. PM10 in municipality of residence (exposure variable) were estimated by modelling data from local monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for presentations in relation to supposed influencers, adjusting for confounders. Separate analyses were performed on persons with a cancer diagnosis. Study participants were all who presented at the A&E of a large hospital near Milan, Italy, for a CVE (ICD-9: 390-459) from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015. Results: There were 1349 A&E presentations for CVE in 2014-2015 and 5390 control days. Risk of A&E presentation was significantly increased (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.05-1.71) when PM10 was high (as mean PM10 on day of presentation, and 1 and 2 days before [lags 0-2]) on hot days and (for lag 0) in autumn (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.09-1.37) and winter (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.01-1.38). Risks were also significantly increased when PM10 was on lag 1, in people with a cancer diagnosis in the spring and summer months (1.88, 95%CI 1.05-3.37), and on days (lags 0-2) of high influenza incidence (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.01-5.43). Conclusions: Greater risk of A&E presentation for CVE in periods of high PM10 and high temperature suggests that “safe” thresholds for PM10 should be temperature dependent and that the adverse effects of PM10 will increase as temperatures increase due to climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of urban atmospheric particulate matter on higher plants using Lycopersicon esculentum as model species

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Hubai ◽  
Nora Kováts ◽  
Gábor Teke
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Experiment

AbstractAtmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the major environmental concerns in Europe. A wide range of studies has proved the ecotoxic potential of atmospheric particles. PM exerts chemical stress on vegetation by its potentially toxic constituents; however, relatively few studies are available on assessing phytotoxic effects under laboratory conditions. In our study, aqueous extract of particulate matter was prepared and used for treatment. Experiment was following the procedure defined by the No. 227 OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Terrestrial Plant Test. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were used; elucidated toxicity was assessed based on morphological and biochemical endpoints such as biomass, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and protein content. Biomass reduction and protein content showed a clear dose–effect relationship; the biomass decreased in comparison with the control (100%) in all test groups (TG) at a steady rate (TG1: 87.73%; TG2: 71.77%; TG3: 67.01%; TG4: 63.63%). The tendency in protein concentrations compared to the control was TG1: 113.61%; TG2: 148.21% TG3: 160.52%; TG4: 157.31%. However, pigments showed a ‘Janus-faced’ effect: nutrient content of the sample caused slight increase at lower doses; actual toxicity became apparent only at higher doses (chlorophyll-a concentration decrease was 84.47% in TG4, chlorophyll-b was 77.17%, and finally, carotene showed 83.60% decrease in TG4).

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