Mn3O4 nanozymes boost endogenous antioxidant metabolites in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plant and enhance resistance to salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1692-1703
Author(s):  
Li Lu ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
Yuxiong Huang ◽  
Philippe F.-X. Corvini ◽  
Rong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Mn3O4 nanoenzymes boost endogenous antioxidants in, and enhance resistance of, the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plant subjected to salinity stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth and Metabolomic Profiling of Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Bayoumi Abdel-Farid ◽  
Marwa Radawy Marghany ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Rowezek ◽  
Mohamed Gabr Sheded
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Seeds Germination

Seeds germination and seedlings growth of Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum were monitored in in vitro and in vivo experiments after application of different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 100 and 200 mM). Photosynthetic pigments content and the biochemical responses of C. sativus and S. lycopersicum were assessed. Salinity stress slightly delayed the seeds germination rate and significantly reduced the percentage of germination as well as shoot length under the highest salt concentration (200 mM) in cucumber. Furthermore, root length was decreased significantly in all treatments. Whereas, in tomato, a prominent delay in seeds germination rate, the germination percentage and seedlings growth (shoot and root lengths) were significantly influenced under all concentrations of NaCl. Fresh and dry weights were reduced prominently in tomato compared to cucumber. Photosynthetic pigments content was reduced but with pronounced decreasing in tomato compared to cucumber. Secondary metabolites profiling in both plants under stress was varied from tomato to cucumber. The content of saponins, proline and total antioxidant capacity was reduced more prominently in tomato as compared to cucumber. On the other hand, the content of phenolics and flavonoids was increased in both plants with pronounced increase in tomato particularly under the highest level of salinity stress. The metabolomic profiling in stressful plants was significantly influenced by salinity stress and some bioactive secondary metabolites was enhanced in both cucumber and tomato plants. The enhancement of secondary metabolites under salinity stress may explain the tolerance and sensitivity of cucumber and tomato under salinity stress. The metabolomic evaluation combined with multivariate data analysis revealed a similar mechanism of action of plants to mediate stress, with variant level of this response in both plant species. Based on these results, the effect of salinity stress on seeds germination, seedlings growth and metabolomic content of plants was discussed in terms of tolerance and sensitivity of plants to salinity stress.

scholarly journals The Impact of Health Resort Treatment on the Nonenzymatic Endogenous Antioxidant System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Kuciel-Lewandowska ◽  
Michał Kasperczak ◽  
Bożena Bogut ◽  
Roman Heider ◽  
Wojciech T. Laber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Oxygen, reacting with organic compounds in living organisms, oxidizes them without being completely reduced due to numerous exogenous as well as endogenous factors. As a consequence, free radicals or reactive oxygen species are formed. Health resort-based balneophysiotherapy is a comprehensive therapeutic intervention that triggers positive therapeutic effects within the entire system. Material and Methods. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of health resort-based balneophysiotherapy on the levels of nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants in patients with degenerative motor organ diseases, as well as to determine potential correlation of these changes with free radical-mediated processes. Observation was carried out in patients undergoing health resort therapy as part of 21-day stay periods. The study population consisted of n=110 patients with articular and spinal pains due to degenerative diseases or discopathies. Results. Reduced bilirubin and albumin levels as well as increased uric acid levels were observed in the study group following the health resort treatment. Conclusions. Bilirubin and albumin levels were reduced while uric acid levels were increased as the result of health resort therapy in patients with degenerative motor organ diseases. The observed changes in the levels of nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants depend on free radical-mediated systemic transformations. The trial is registered with NCT03405350.

Hydrogen peroxide induces leukocyte rolling: modulation by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms including NO

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. H614-H621 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Johnston ◽  
S. Kanwar ◽  
P. Kubes
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Leukocyte Rolling ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Rolling Leukocytes ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Antibody Inhibition

In this study, intravital microscopy was used to examine the mechanisms that regulate H2O2-induced leukocyte rolling within rat mesenteric venules in vivo. H2O2 elicited leukocyte rolling within a narrow response window between 10 and 500 microM H2O2. Continuous superfusion with 100 microM H2O2 induced a large but transient increase in the flux of rolling leukocytes, whereas a short 5-min pulse elicited a sustained increase in rolling flux. Both treatments caused increases in leukocyte adhesion. H2O2-induced increases in leukocyte flux and adhesion could be prevented with an anti-P-selectin antibody. Inhibition of endogenous catalase (aminotriazole), glutathione (diethyl maleate), or nitric oxide (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) shifted the effective concentration of H2O2; continuous superfusion with 10 microM H2O2 now elicited large and sustained increases in leukocyte rolling flux, whereas 100 microM H2O2 elicited less than optimal responses. Dual antioxidant inhibition further reduced the effective H2O2 concentration to 1 microM H2O2. A nitric oxide donor prevented the increased rolling flux induced by 100 microM H2O2. These findings suggest that endogenous antioxidants are important regulators of H2O2-induced, P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling in vivo.

scholarly journals Differential effects of vitamin C or protandim on skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Bruns ◽  
Sarah E. Ehrlicher ◽  
Shadi Khademi ◽  
Laurie M. Biela ◽  
Frederick F. Peelor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxidative Challenge ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Maintaining proteostasis is a key mechanism for preserving cell function. Exercise-stimulated proteostasis is regulated, in part, by redox-sensitive signaling. Several studies suggest that supplementation with exogenous antioxidants blunts exercise-induced cellular adaptations, although this conclusion lacks consensus. Our group uses a fundamentally different approach to maintain redox balance by treatment with bioactive phytochemicals to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and downstream endogenous antioxidant pathways. We hypothesized that vitamin C (VitC) would interfere with redox-sensitive proteostatic mechanisms in skeletal muscle, whereas phytochemical treatment would permit proteostatic maintenance. We measured protein and DNA synthesis in skeletal muscle from high-volume voluntary wheel-running rats. Whereas phytochemical treatment permitted mitochondrial and other proteostatic adaptations to exercise, VitC treatment did not. During an in vitro oxidative challenge, phytochemical treatment helped maintain proteostasis, including the mitochondrial fraction while VitC did not. Our findings support the conclusion that VitC can blunt some of the beneficial adaptations to exercise. We propose that regulation of endogenous antioxidants represents a novel approach to maintain redox balance while still permitting redox-sensitive proteostatic adaptations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether vitamin C blocks aerobic exercise adaptions lacks consensus, perhaps because of approaches that only assess markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. By directly measuring mitochondrial biogenesis, we demonstrate that vitamin C blunts exercise-induced adaptations. Furthermore, we show that treatment with Protandim, a purported nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activator that upregulates endogenous antioxidants, permits mitochondrial biogenesis. We confirm that vitamin C blunts aerobic exercise adaptions, whereas Protandim does not, suggesting targeting the endogenous antioxidant network facilitates adaptations to exercise.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANTS AND SCALD DEVELOPMENT IN APPLES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146f-1146
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Barden ◽  
W. J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Superficial scald development on apples is related to preharvest environmental conditions, perhaps through effects on endogenous antioxidant concentrations In 1989 we examined effects of maturity, light, and preharvest temperatures (< 10°C) on endogenous antioxidant levels in the fruit at harvest and on scald development after long-term storage in 0°C air. Cortland apple trees were sprayed with 500 ppm ethephon 1 month before normal harvest to create maturity differences. Fruit on other Cortland trees were bagged 1 month prior to harvest to reduce light interception. Samples also were harvested from other Cortland trees after exposures to different numbers of hours < 10°C, Hours < 10°C before harvest were negatively correlated to scald development. Ethephon treatment decreased scald incidence, and bagging increased it, The total lipid-soluble antioxidant activity increased with increasing hours < 10°C and with ethephon treatment, while bagging of fruit slightly decreased this antioxidant activity. To better understand the relationships between preharvest factors and antioxidant levels, individual antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, α tocopherol, anthocyanins and glutathione, are being analyzed.

scholarly journals 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improves Morphogenesis and Na+ Subcellular Distribution in the Apical Cells of Cucumis sativus L. Under Salinity Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Linli Hu ◽  
Weibiao Liao ◽  
Zhongqi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Soil salinity causes damage to plants and a reduction in output. A natural plant growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), has been shown to promote plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we assessed the effects of exogenously applied ALA (25 mg L−1) on the root architecture and Na+ distribution of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings under moderate NaCl stress (50 mmol L−1). The results showed that exogenous ALA improved root length, root volume, root surface area, and cell activity in the root tips, which were inhibited under salt stress. In addition, although salinity stress increased the subcellular Na+ contents, such as those of the cell wall, nucleus, plastid, and mitochondria, ALA treatment reduced these Na+ contents, except the soluble fraction. Molecular biological analysis revealed that ALA application upregulated both the SOS1 and HA3 transcriptional and translational levels, which suggested that the excretion of Na+ into the cytoplasm cloud was promoted by exogenous ALA. Meanwhile, exogenously applied ALA also upregulated the gene and protein expression of NHX1 and VHA-A under salinity stress, which suggested that the compartmentalization of Na+ to the vacuole was enhanced. Overall, exogenous ALA mitigated the damage caused by NaCl in cucumber by enhancing Na+ redistribution and increasing the cytoactivity of root cells.

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