Organophosphate flame retardants and diesters in urine of e-waste dismantling workers: Associations with indoor dust and implications for urinary biomonitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Xin Qin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Xi Zhuang ◽  
Wei-Xiang Lei ◽  
Mei-Huan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Dust Ingestion

Indoor dust ingestion is one of the main pathways for human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs). The urinary concentrations of diesters (DAPs) are usually used as biomarkers to assess...

scholarly journals Occurrence of legacy and alternative plasticizers in indoor dust from various EU countries and implications for human exposure via dust ingestion and dermal absorption

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Christia ◽  
Giulia Poma ◽  
Stuart Harrad ◽  
Cynthia A. de Wit ◽  
Ylva Sjostrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Dust Ingestion

Occurrence of alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: Indoor sources and human exposure assessment

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Alin C. Dirtu ◽  
Nele Van den Eede ◽  
Emma Goosey ◽  
Stuart Harrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment

Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Implications for human exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani ◽  
Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail ◽  
Govindan Malarvannan ◽  
Mohammad W. Kadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Levels, distribution and human exposure of new non-BDE brominated flame retardants in the indoor dust of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Qi ◽  
Wen-Long Li ◽  
Li-Yan Liu ◽  
Zi-Feng Zhang ◽  
Ning-Zheng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust

scholarly journals Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Car Dust from Thailand and Implications for Human Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Premrudee Kanchanapiya ◽  
◽  
Benjawan Nilyok ◽  
Supachai Songngam ◽  
Sun Olapiriyakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Bag Filter ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants ◽  
Filter Dust ◽  
Reference Doses ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Dust Ingestion

Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) are a group of compounds frequently detected in indoor dust that pose high health risks to exposure subjects. The present study reports on the investigation of the levels and profiles of seven target PFRs in car dust samples from Thailand. The samples were collected from the discarded air conditioning (AC) filter of 14 private cars (called AC dust samples) and from the bag filter installed in vacuum cleaners of 10 car washing services (called settled dust samples) in 2019. The concentrations of 7PFRs in AC dust samples were approximately 3,800-91,000 ng/g, whereas those from settled dust samples were about 11,000 to 15,000 ng/g. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) was found to be the most prominent of PFRs detected in both types of car dust with the highest concentration of 39,000 ng/g for AC filter dust and 10,000 ng/g for settled dust. The main PFR contributors in both dust types were TBEP (80%, 75%), followed by Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (9%, 5%) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) (7%, 4%), respectively. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) and tri cresyl phosphate (TCP) were not detected in both types of car dust and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) was found only in settled dust samples. According to the results of exposure assessment to PFRs in car dust, the human exposures via ingestion for adults and toddlers ranged from 1.69×10-2 to 2.67 and 10.6 to 2,360 ng/kg/day. The human exposures via inhalation for adults and toddlers ranged from 3.27×10-4 to 5.17x10-2 and 2.58×10-1 to 40.9 ng/kg/day. The highest exposure among PFRs corresponded to TBEP for both adults and toddlers and the risk through ingestion was higher than inhalation intake. Toddlers were more exposed to PFR contaminants in comparison to adults. When comparing the estimated average daily intake (ADI) values with the reference doses (RfDs) for PFRs, it was found that exposure to PFRs in car cabins via inhalation and dust ingestion is unlikely to have adverse human health effects.

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