Quantifying the impacts of anthropogenic activity on chemical weathering based on source identification of hydrochemistry: the Liuxi river basin, southern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2406-2417
Author(s):  
Zhigang Yang ◽  
Zuobing Liang ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhuowei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of anthropogenic activity on chemical weathering is still an open and significant topic that requires clarification to improve the understanding of watershed evolution.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal changes in evapotranspiration over China using GLEAM_V3.0a products (1980–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1330-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuqin Yang ◽  
Bin Yong ◽  
Yixing Yin ◽  
Yuqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study used land evapotranspiration (ET) values from 61 ChinaFLUX eddy covariance (EC) sites and water-balanced derived ET in ten basins to investigate the performance of Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) V3.0a ET estimates (i.e., ETG) over China. We quantified the spatio-temporal characteristics of ETG and the impact of precipitation (P) and potential ET (ETP) on ETG. ETG was appropriate for estimating daily, seasonal, and annual ET rates. The mean annual ETG increased progressively from the northwest to southeast of China. Domain-averaged annual ETG over China was 421.90 mm year−1 during 1980 to 2014. The spatial patterns of ETG were in accordance with those of annual precipitation. Low ETG values occurred in the Northwest River Basin, and relatively high ET values were found across southern China. ETG showed the highest annual variation in the Northwest River Basin and low variation in the southwest region, which captured seasonal variations with maxima in summer and minima in winter. The inter-annual variation of annual ETG and ETP differed significantly from 1980 to 2014, yielding prominent spatial variability around −16.50 to 9.10 mm year−2 and −1.90 to 4.70 mm year−2, respectively. Annual ETG is correlated well with P and ETP at each site.

scholarly journals Relative Importance of Land Use and Climate Change on Hydrology in Agricultural Watershed of Southern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6423
Author(s):  
Lanhua Luo ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
Liangxia Duan ◽  
Gaoling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
The Impact

Quantitative assessment of the impact of land use and climate change on hydrological processes is of great importance to water resources planning and management. The main objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the response of runoff to land use and climate change in the Zhengshui River Basin of Southern China, a heavily used agricultural basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the river runoff for the Zhengshui River Basin. Specifically, a soil database was constructed based on field work and laboratory experiments as input data for the SWAT model. Following SWAT calibration, simulated results were compared with observed runoff data for the period 2006 to 2013. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) and the correlation coefficient (R2) for the comparisons were greater than 0.80, indicating close agreement. The calibrated models were applied to simulate monthly runoff in 1990 and 2010 for four scenarios with different land use and climate conditions. Climate change played a dominant role affecting runoff of this basin, with climate change decreasing simulated runoff by −100.22% in 2010 compared to that of 1990, land use change increasing runoff in this basin by 0.20% and the combination of climate change and land use change decreasing runoff by 60.8m3/s. The decrease of forestland area and the corresponding increase of developed land and cultivated land area led to the small increase in runoff associated with land use change. The influence of precipitation on runoff was greater than temperature. The soil database used to model runoff with the SWAT model for the basin was constructed using a combination of field investigation and laboratory experiments, and simulations of runoff based on that new soil database more closely matched observations of runoff than simulations based on the generic Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). This study may provide an important reference to guide management decisions for this and similar watersheds.

scholarly journals GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE RIVER OKONKA BASIN AND ITS OPTIMIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Vasyl Fesiuk ◽  
Andrij Slusarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
The Impact

The impact of economic activity on the environment can best be traced in the scale of small river basins. One of such rivers is the Okonka River, which flows through the territory of the former Manevychi (Kamin-Kashyrskyi according to the new administrative-territorial structure) district. Among the environmental problems of the basin, the most acute are: surface water pollution due to runoff from agricultural fields, livestock farms, unauthorized landfills, etc. Improving the geo-ecological condition of the Okonka River basin on the basis of ecologically safe sustainable development is an urgent problem of the territory's development. The Okonka River Basin is one of the least explored regions of the Volyn Region. Materials from the Regional Office of Water Resources in Volyn Oblast, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Volyn Oblast State Administration, own expeditionary research, cartographic materials, electronic maps (Google Map, OpenStreetMap) and satellite images were used to prepare the publication. Also, more than 20 literature sources and electronic resources, laws and regulations of Ukraine in the field of rational use and protection of water resources were developed. The following methods were used during the research: collection and processing of archival, literary, graphic, cartographic and tabular material, regime quantitative and qualitative observations of river characteristics; field research of channel processes; mathematical and engineering calculations, mathematical modeling, analysis of anthropogenic impact on water resources of the studied region, constructive-geographical method and method of expert assessments. The natural conditions of the basin contribute to the settlement and development of the economy. Particularly favorable are the terrain, climate, inland waters. Within the basin there are 7 objects and territories of the nature reserve fund. The impact of anthropogenic activity on the river basin is quite significant. This is due to intensive agricultural and residential use, the development of drainage reclamation. The level of radiation pollution is assessed as "satisfactory", the use of land resources - "close to normal. The water quality of the Okonka River in the upper line (leak) is assessed by the second class of the third category (water is quite good in quality, quite clean in purity). The environmental index is 2.92. Environmental protection measures are proposed to improve the geoecological condition of the river basin. The complex of environmental protection measures should include: development of a local eco-network; creation of new and expansion of the network of existing nature reserves; improvement of the situation with waste management, elimination of spontaneous dumps; monitoring of soils to protect them from degradation and pollution; monitoring of surface waters in order to protect them from depletion and pollution; an inventory of drainage systems in order to establish the feasibility of further use in agricultural separate areas, the allocation of parts of the drainage systems that can be renaturalized in the future; prevention of peat and forest fires. Key words: river, river basin, geological condition of the river basin, geographical features of the basin, ecological assessment of river water quality, measures to improve the geoecological condition of the basin.

scholarly journals Variations in runoff, sediment load and their relationship for a major sediment source area of the Jialing River basin, southern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Shao ◽  
Xingmin Mu ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Jialing River ◽  
Change Period ◽  
Runoff Sediment ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Investigation of the variations in runoff and sediment load as well as their dynamic relation is conducive to understanding hydrological regimes changes and supporting channel regulation and fluvial management. This study was undertaken in the Xihanshui catchment, which is known for its high sediment-laden in the Jialing River of the Yangtze River basin, southern China, to evaluate the change characteristics of runoff, sediment load and their relationship at multi-temporal scales from 1966 to 2016. The results showed that the monthly runoff changed significantly for more months whereas the significant changes in monthly sediment load occurred from April to September. The contributions of runoff in summer and autumn and sediment load in summer to their annual value changes were greater. The annual runoff and sediment load in the Xihanshui catchment both exhibited significant decreasing trends (P<0.05) with significant mutation in 1993 (P<0.05). The average annual runoff in the change period (1994-2016) decreased by 49.60% and annual sediment load displayed a substantial decline with a reduction of 77.76% in comparison with the reference period (1966-1993). The variation of the relationship between runoff and sediment load in the catchment was time-dependent. The annual and extreme monthly runoff-sediment relationship could be generally expressed as power function, whereas the monthly runoff-sediment relationships were changeable. Spatially, the relationship between annual runoff and sediment load could be partly attributed to sediment load changes in the upstream and runoff variations in the downstream and it became weaker in the change period due to the impact of existing soil and water conservation measures. Quantitative assessment showed that human activity played a dominant role in annual runoff and sediment load reduction, with the contributions of 67.07% and 87.64%, respectively.

scholarly journals New estimate of chemical weathering rate in Xijiang River Basin based on multi-model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Shi Yu ◽  
Shiyi He ◽  
Pingan Sun ◽  
Fu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Silicate Weathering ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Weathering Rate ◽  
Inversion Model ◽  
Xijiang River

AbstractHydrochemistry and Sr isotope compositions were measured in water samples collected during high- and low-water periods from the main stream and tributaries of the Xijiang River Basin in southern China. The primary weathering end-members were analyzed and calculated using the multi-model combination and classic hydrogeochemical method. During the high-water period, structural factors were found to be the main factors controlling chemical weathering in the basin, whereas anthropogenic activity and other random factors had a negligible influence. During the low-water period, both structural and random factors controlled chemical weathering. Through path-model and semi-variance analyses, we determined and quantified the relationship between the main weathering sources, whose results were stable; this is consistent with the inversion model. The total dissolved substances were mainly derived from carbonate weathering, which was approximately 76% (0–96%) while silicate weathering accounted for only 14% (5–19%). The inversion model results showed that the optimum silicate weathering rate was 7.264–35.551 × 103 mol/km2/year, where carbonic acid was the main factor that induces weathering. The CO2 flux consumed by rock weathering in the basin during the study period was 150.69 × 109 mol/year, while the CO2 flux consumed by carbonic acid weathering of carbonate (CCW) and silicate rocks (CSW) was 144.47 and 29.45 × 109 mol/year, respectively. The CO2 flux produced by H2SO4 weathered carbonate (SCW) was 23.23 × 109 mol/year.

Chemical Composition and Metal Speciation in Porewaters from the Upper Qu’Appelle River Basin, Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Farrell ◽  
Jae E. Yang ◽  
P. Ming Huang ◽  
Wen K. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Carbonate Equilibria ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Porewater samples from the upper Qu’Appelle River basin in Saskatchewan, Canada, were analyzed to obtain metal, inorganic ligand and amino add profiles. These data were used to compute the aqueous speciation of the metals in each porewater using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. The porewaters were classified as slightly to moderately saline. Metal concentrations reflected both the geology of the drainage basin and the impact of anthropogenic activities. Whereas K and Na were present almost entirely as the free aquo ions, carbonate equilibria dominated the speciation of Ca. Mg and Mn (the predominant metal ligand species were of the type MCO3 (s). MCO30. and MHCO3+). Trace metal concentrations were generally within the ranges reported for non-polluted freshwater systems. Whereas the speciation of the trace metals Cr(III) and Co(II) was dominated by carbonate equilibria, Hg(II)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(II)-speciation was dominated by hydroxy-metal complexes of the type M(OH)+ and M(OH)2°. The speciation of Fe(III) was dominated by Fe(OH)3 (s). In porewaters with high chloride concentrations (&gt; 2 mM), however, significant amounts of Hg(II) were bound as HgCl20 and HgClOH0. The aqueous speciation of Al was dominated by Al(OH)4− and Al2Si2O4(OH)6 (s). Total concentrations of dissolved free amino acids varied from 15.21 to 25.17 umole L−1. The most important metal scavenging amino acids were histidine (due to high stability constants for the metal-histidine complexes) and tryptophan (due to its relatively high concentration in the porewaters. i.e., 5.96 to 7.73 umole L−1). Secondary concentrations of various trace metal-amino add complexes were computed for all the porewaters, but metal-amino acid complexes dominated the speciation of Cu(II) in all the porewaters and Ni(II) in two of the porewaters.

River-Basin Planning for Control of Nitrate Pollution

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Sinnott ◽  
D G Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
The Impact

The combination of increasing nitrate concentrations in the River Thames and the recent EEC Directive on the acceptable level in potable water is posing a potential problem. In assessing the impact of nitrates on water-resource systems, extensive use has been made of time-series analysis and simulation. These techniques are being used to define the optimal mix of alternatives for overcoming the problem on a regional basis.

THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WEATHERING ON IRON SLAG FROM STANDISH, NY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Leonard ◽  
◽  
Rachel M. Kelk ◽  
Dori J. Farthing
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Iron Slag ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact
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