An emerging mobile air pollution source: outdoor plastic liner manufacturing sites discharge VOCs into urban and rural areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1828-1841
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Mahboobeh Teimouri Sendesi ◽  
Yoorae Noh ◽  
Md Nuruddin ◽  
Brandon E. Boor ◽  
John A. Howarter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Plastic Liner ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The in situ manufacture of cured-in-place-pipe (CIPP) plastic liners in damaged sewer pipes is an emerging mobile source of anthropogenic air pollution.

scholarly journals Urbanization effect on sunshine duration during global dimming and brightening periods in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Wang ◽  
Martin Wild ◽  
Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo ◽  
Yonghui Yang ◽  
Veronica Manara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Urbanization Effect ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Decadal Variations ◽  
Global Dimming ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. There is an ongoing debate on whether the observed decadal variations in surface solar radiation, known as "dimming and brightening", are a global or just local phenomenon. We investigated this issue using a comprehensive set of long-term sunshine duration records from China, which experienced a rapid growth in urbanization during past decades. 172 pairs of urban and nearby rural stations were analyzed over the period 1960–1989 ("dimming phase") and 1990–2013 ("brightening phase"). There is a large overlap in urban and rural sunshine duration trends for both dimming (≈ 86 %) and brightening (≈ 84 %) phases. This indicates that rather than urban dimming or rural brightening, the global dimming and brightening phenomena are more of national/regional scale in China. In the dimming phase, sunshine duration significantly declined in both urban and rural areas at an average rate of −0.20 h d−1 decade−1 and −0.14 h d−1 decade−1 respectively, i.e. rural dimming has been around two-thirds of urban dimming. This ratio generally increases from a minimum of 0.39 to a maximum of 0.87 with increasing indices of urbanization, reaching saturation when the urbanization level exceeds 50 %, or the urban population exceeds 20 million persons, or the population density becomes higher than 250 person km−2. Urbanization can be treated as a useful indicator for anthropogenic air pollution in studying pollution-driven changes in sunshine duration during the dimming phase when pollution control and monitoring were largely absent. After the transition into the brightening phase, the increasing number of environment-related laws and regulations as well as investments in the abatement of environmental pollution might have helped in counteracting air pollutants generated during the urbanization process. Therefore, in the brightening phase, urbanization no longer simply indicates an increase in air pollution and its effect on sunshine duration becomes insignificant. In conclusion, urbanization can give a general indication of pollution-driven sunshine dimming until pollution regulations become effective.

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and health of children in biomass fuel-using households of Bangladesh: comparison between urban and rural areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khalequzzaman ◽  
Michihiro Kamijima ◽  
Kiyoshi Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Ebara ◽  
Bilqis Amin Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Air pollution and cause-specific mortality: A comparative study of urban and rural areas in China

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 127884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Shiliang Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Hou ◽  
Yongxiu Sun ◽  
Robert Beazley
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals The Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Protective Behavioral Intentions against PM2.5 in Parents of Young Children from Urban and Rural Beijing, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumei Liu ◽  
Yi-Te Chiang ◽  
Chie-Chien Tseng ◽  
Eric Ng ◽  
Gwo-Liang Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Smog and air pollution have fast become significant environmental problems and are attributed to rapid global industrialization and urbanization. Emissions of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) increase smog and air pollution, with strong impacts on human health. Children are particularly vulnerable. While increasing studies are being conducted on the behaviors leading to PM2.5 toxicity from the perspective of environmental toxicants, there is a lack of research on factors influencing anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions. Thus, this study aims to narrow this gap by adapting the theory of planned behavior framework to investigate the effects of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on protective behavioral intentions against PM2.5. In total, 1277 online questionnaires were collected from parents of young children living in urban and rural areas of Beijing, and the data was analyzed using correlation, regression, and path analyses. Results revealed that there were significant differences between parents from urban and rural areas in terms of attitude (t = 4.727 > 1.96, p < 0.001), subjective norms (t = 5.529 > 1.96, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (t = 6.155 > 1.96, p < 0.001), and anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions (t = 6.838 > 1.96, p < 0.001). Path analysis revealed that parents from urban and rural areas had different behavioral intention paths. For urban parents, the findings indicated that subjective norms (β = 0.73, t = 21.84 > 3.29) and perceived behavioral control (γ = 0.22, t = 6.12 > 3.29) had direct impacts on anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions. In contrast, the attitudes (γ = 0.39, t = 3.74 > 3.29) and subjective norms (β = 0.60, t = 8.55 > 3.29) of rural parents were found to directly influence anti-PM2.5 behavioral intentions.

A GIS-Based Environmental Justice Analysis of Ambient Air Pollution: a Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3676-3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Peng ◽  
Bin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Loglinear Analysis ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Using general loglinear analysis and GIS spatial analysis, we evaluated the socio-economic inequities in exposure to SO2 in the urban and rural areas at census scale. The results show that differences of exposure inequities among socioeconomic groups exist in the urban and rural areas. Further studies are needed to analyze the impacts of scales and statistical methods on the accuracy of air pollution exposure justice assessment.

scholarly journals The Urban–Rural Heterogeneity of Air Pollution in 35 Metropolitan Regions across China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Han ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
Tianning Su ◽  
Tianmeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Spatial Inhomogeneity ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Urbanization and air pollution are major anthropogenic impacts on Earth’s environment, weather, and climate. Each has been studied extensively, but their interactions have not. Urbanization leads to a dramatic variation in the spatial distribution of air pollution (fine particles) by altering surface properties and boundary-layer micrometeorology, but it remains unclear, especially between the centers and suburbs of metropolitan regions. Here, we investigated the spatial variation, or inhomogeneity, of air quality in urban and rural areas of 35 major metropolitan regions across China using four different long-term observational datasets from both ground-based and space-borne observations during the period 2001–2015. In general, air pollution in summer in urban areas is more serious than in rural areas. However, it is more homogeneously polluted, and also more severely polluted in winter than that in summer. Four factors are found to play roles in the spatial inhomogeneity of air pollution between urban and rural areas and their seasonal differences: (1) the urban–rural difference in emissions in summer is slightly larger than in winter; (2) urban structures have a more obvious association with the spatial distribution of aerosols in summer; (3) the wind speed, topography, and different reductions in the planetary boundary layer height from clean to polluted conditions have different effects on the density of pollutants in different seasons; and (4) relative humidity can play an important role in affecting the spatial inhomogeneity of air pollution despite the large uncertainties.

Air pollution and decreased semen quality: A comparative study of Chongqing urban and rural areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niya Zhou ◽  
Zhihong Cui ◽  
Sanming Yang ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Gangcai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Correlations between air pollutant concentrations in selected urban and rural areas in Poland

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Artur Stelęgowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Correlations between concentrations of selected air pollutants were analyzed in different areas in central Poland from 2012-2016. Three neighboring voivodeships (Lower Silesian, Lodz, and Masovian), were selected for which specific measurement locations were designated in urban and rural areas. The characteristics of the location of monitoring stations allowed to distinguish the following types of measurement stations: “urbantransport”, “urban-background", "suburban-background", "town-background", and "rural-background". Therefore, using the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, it was possible to analyze the interrelations between the occurrence of air pollution in various types of areas. It was found that the coefficient changed along with the type of area. Moreover, it turned out that the coefficient decreased in each voivodeship along with a decrease in the population density of the analyzed areas. In addition, concentrations of various air pollutants in given areas were compared. Also, it was observed that the strongest correlations occur between the results of calculations from measurement stations located in the same province.

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