Highly Stable Mo-Doped Fe2P and Fe3P Monolayers as Low-Onset-Potential Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Fixation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Jia-hui Li ◽  
Yang-Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Fertilizer Production ◽  
Excellent Stability

Ammonia (NH3) is an essential ingredient for fertilizer production and a carbon-free energy carrier for engineering applications. Searching for novel electrocatalysts with low onset potential, high selectivity and excellent stability...

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Development of Ammonia as a Renewable Energy Carrier

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3732
Author(s):  
Muhammad Heikal Hasan ◽  
Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia ◽  
M. Mofijur ◽  
I.M. Rizwanul Fattah ◽  
Fitri Handayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Technical Advances

Global energy sources are being transformed from hydrocarbon-based energy sources to renewable and carbon-free energy sources such as wind, solar and hydrogen. The biggest challenge with hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier is the storage and delivery system’s complexity. Therefore, other media such as ammonia for indirect storage are now being considered. Research has shown that at reasonable pressures, ammonia is easily contained as a liquid. In this form, energy density is approximately half of that of gasoline and ten times more than batteries. Ammonia can provide effective storage of renewable energy through its existing storage and distribution network. In this article, we aimed to analyse the previous studies and the current research on the preparation of ammonia as a next-generation renewable energy carrier. The study focuses on technical advances emerging in ammonia synthesis technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and plasmacatalysis. Ammonia is now also strongly regarded as fuel in the transport, industrial and power sectors and is relatively more versatile in reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, the utilisation of ammonia as a renewable energy carrier plays a significant role in reducing GHG emissions. Finally, the simplicity of ammonia processing, transport and use makes it an appealing choice for the link between the development of renewable energy and demand.

scholarly journals The miRNA COMPLEXES AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Ivashchenko ◽  
Aizhan Rakhmetullina ◽  
Aigul Akimniyazova ◽  
Dana Aisina ◽  
Anna Pyrkova
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Weak Binding ◽  
Simultaneous Inhibition

Abstract The possibility of using miRNA (mRNA-inhibiting RNA) to inhibit infections caused by the coronaviruses COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV has been shown. Using bioinformatics approaches, completely complementary miRNA (cc-miRNA) complexes were predicted to be able to bind and inhibit the translation of coronavirus proteins and the replication of COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes. For complexes of seven cc-miRc for COVID-19, seven cc-miRs for SARS-CoV, and eight cc-miRm for MERS-CoV, the interactions with the RNA genomes (gRNAs) of the corresponding coronaviruses was evaluated. The free energy of the interactions of cc-miRNAs with binding sites was significantly higher than the free energy of the interactions with other regions in gRNA, which ensures high selectivity of the binding of cc-miRNAs. Weak binding of cc-miRNAs to the mRNAs of 17508 human genes was shown, which suggests the absence of side effects of the cc-miRNAs in humans. A feature of this method is the simultaneous inhibition of translation and replication by several cc-miRNAs binding from the 5' end to the 3' end of gRNA. The use of several cc-miRNAs to suppress infections allows each of them to be used at a lower concentration to avoid side effects when one cc-miRNA is introduced into humans at a high concentration.

Structure-based de novo design and identification of D816V mutant-selective c-KIT inhibitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (26) ◽  
pp. 4644-4655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwangseo Park ◽  
Soyoung Lee ◽  
Suhyun Lee ◽  
Sungwoo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Scoring Function ◽  
Solvation Free Energy ◽  
De Novo Design ◽  
Gain Of Function

New 7-azaindole-based c-KIT inhibitors with nanomolar inhibitory activity and high selectivity for the gain-of-function D816V mutant were identified through the structure-based de novo design using the scoring function improved by implementing an accurate solvation free energy.

Metal-free catalytic hydrogen production from a polymethylhydrosilane–water mixture

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5903-5906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chew Pheng Yap ◽  
Hwa Tiong Poh ◽  
Wai Yip Fan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogen

Hydrogen gas is the most promising carbon-free energy carrier although its on-demand generation remains a formidable challenge.

scholarly journals THE FREE ENERGY OF NITROGEN FIXATION BY LIVING FORMS

1927 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Burk
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Free Energy Of Formation ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Oxygen Gas

Fixation of nitrogen even with liberation of energy or free energy, will take place if either oxygen gas or hydrogen gas, or other substances, especially gases, whose standard free energies are close to zero, are involved to form either nitrates, ammonia, or cyanide, not to speak of still other compounds. It has been pointed out that there are two and only two general conditions where nitrogen fixation can require energy. These are, first, if nitrogen reacts with some compound like water with an already high negative free energy of formation and where negligible oxidation of nitrogen would occur; second, if the plant does not take advantage of working at concentrations where the process would yield free energy. If nitrogen fixation is exothermic and free energy-yielding, how is the carbohydrate requirement of nitrogen-fixing organisms to be interpreted? Are the experimental determinations of the carbon to nitrogen ratio purely circumstantial? Is further hope given to those who may experimentally try to narrow this ratio to where the carbon used is only for the carbon requirements of general metabolism, exclusive of fixation? Do not hypotheses concerning the fixation of nitrogen in the evolutionary process, which are based on the conception that energy is required, lose some of their significance? Does it not suggest that perhaps fixation is far more universal than is supposed among living forms, particularly among the higher green plants, and thereby give encouragement to those who may wish to demonstrate this experimentally? Does it not indicate that perhaps the function of fixation is often to obtain energy for use in general metabolism? Is the general carbohydrate metabolism of the fixation forms to be regarded as being merely extremely inefficient? Or most suggestive of all, is the carbohydrate serving some unobserved function?

Porous Carbon-Carbon Nanotubes Composites with Different Structures (CNTs/PC, CNTs@PC) as Catalysts for ORR

2019 ◽  
Vol >15 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-511
Author(s):  
Ailing Song ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Wang Yang ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Co3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalyst Structure ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Glucosamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Excellent Stability

Background: Non-precious metal based catalysts have become a hot research material due to their easy availability, low cost and outstanding electrochemical performance. Among them, carbon-based materials like carbon nanotubes and porous carbon with their own characteristics are especially favored by researchers in the field of catalyzing oxygen reduction. Therefore, rational construction of combining porous carbon with carbon nanotubes attracts great research attention on the object to utilize the excellent porosity, large specific surface area of porous carbon and the good electronic conductivity, high stability of carbon nanotubes to catalyze oxygen reduction. In this work, we synthesized two catalysts with different structure of coating carbon nanotubes with porous carbon by paralyzing a mixture of pre-prepared porous carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and melamine/ glucosamine hydrochloride. Then, the composites were applied to fuel cells as cathodic oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, which both exhibited good onset potential and excellent stability. Objective: Briefly, the porous carbon was prepared by heating the mixture of glucosamine hydrochloride and Co(NO3)26H2O under N2 flowing. Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by pyrolyzing cobalt nitrate-impregnated cotton wool. The CNTs/PC was synthesized by pyrolyzing the mixture of porous carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and melamine. The CNTs@PC was synthesized by pyrolyzing the mixture of porous carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and glucosamine hydrochloride. The cyclic voltammetry, liner sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements were analyzed to obtained the catalysis performance for oxygen reduction. Results: Through the rational design of catalyst structure, porous carbon and carbon nanotubes with different structures were constructed to expose more active sites on the surface of the sample. As a result, the onset potential of CNTs/PC and CNTs@PC are all at 0.9 V. After 20,000s chronoamperometry measurement, the current holding rate of CNTs/PC reached 95%, CNTs@PC was 94%, while Pt/C was only 77%. This shows that the prepared catalysts possess outstanding stability compared to Pt/C. Conclusion: In this work, we synthesized two catalysts with different structure by paralyzing a mixture of pre-prepared porous carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and melamine/glucosamine hydrochloride, growing carbon nanotubes on the surface (CNTs/PC) and inside (CNTs@PC) of the porous carbon framework. The catalytic property of prepared CNTs/PC and CNTs@PC all possess good onset potential and excellent stability toward ORR. Therefore, a reasonable design of the catalyst structure is required to expose more active sites on the sample surface.

Framework-confined Sn in Si-beta stabilizing ultra-small Pt nanoclusters as direct propane dehydrogenation catalysts with high selectivity and stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 6993-7002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yansu Wang ◽  
Zhong-Pan Hu ◽  
Wenwen Tian ◽  
Lijiao Gao ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Propane Dehydrogenation ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Pt Nanoclusters ◽  
Post Synthesis ◽  
Excellent Stability

Highly stable Pt/Sn-Si-beta catalysts were prepared via an improved post-synthesis method, exhibiting high catalytic activity, good selectivity and excellent stability for propane dehydrogenation to propene.

The facile synthesis of MoO3microsheets and their excellent gas-sensing performance toward triethylamine: high selectivity, excellent stability and superior repeatability

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (18) ◽  
pp. 15111-15120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Jiang ◽  
Dongdong Wei ◽  
Sufang Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Chuai ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Sensing Performance ◽  
Excellent Stability

In this work, MoO3microsheets were successfully prepared by thermally oxidizing the MoO2nanospheres synthesized by a hydrothermal method.

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