scholarly journals Relaxometry models compared with Bayesian technique: Ganglioside micelle example

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pär Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Magnetic Relaxation ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Relaxation Dispersion ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
Micelle System

In this work a methodology to perform Bayesian model-comparison is developed and exemplified in the analysis of magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) experiments of water in Ganglioside micelle system. The NMRD...

Bayesian model comparison

2014 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Michael D. Lee ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison

scholarly journals A Bayesian model comparison approach to test the specificity of visual integration impairment in schizophrenia or psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler B. Grove ◽  
Beier Yao ◽  
Savanna A. Mueller ◽  
Merranda McLaughlin ◽  
Vicki L. Ellingrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Visual Integration ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
Comparison Approach

Uncertainty of prior and posterior model probability: Implications for interpreting Bayes factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kruschke
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Distribution ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Prior Model ◽  
Bayesian Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
Posterior Model Probability ◽  
Model Probability

In most applications of Bayesian model comparison or Bayesian hypothesis testing, the results are reported in terms of the Bayes factor only, not in terms of the posterior probabilities of the models. Posterior model probabilities are not reported because researchers are reluctant to declare prior model probabilities, which in turn stems from uncertainty in the prior. Fortunately, Bayesian formalisms are designed to embrace prior uncertainty, not ignore it. This article provides a novel derivation of the posterior distribution of model probability, and shows many examples. The posterior distribution is useful for making decisions taking into account the uncertainty of the posterior model probability. Benchmark Bayes factors are provided for a spectrum of priors on model probability. R code is posted at https://osf.io/36527/. This framework and tools will improve interpretation and usefulness of Bayes factors in all their applications.

Combined-chain nested sampling for efficient Bayesian model comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wesley Henderson ◽  
Paul M. Goggans ◽  
Lei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Nested Sampling ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison

scholarly journals Relaxometry Models Compared with Bayesian Technique: Ganglioside Micelle Example

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pär Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Spin Dynamics ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Relaxation Dispersion ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Complex Liquids ◽  
Bayesian Evidence

<div> <div> <div> <p>In this work a methodology to perform Bayesian model-comparison is developed and exemplified in the analysis of magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) experiments of water in Ganglioside micelle system. The NMRD powerful probe of slow dynamics in complex liquids is obtained. There are many interesting systems to study with NMRD, such as ionic and Lyotropic liquids or electrolytes. However, to progress in the understanding of the physical chemistry of studied systems relatively detailed theoretical NMRD-models are required. To improve the models they need to be carefully compared, in addition to physico-chemical considerations of molecular and spin dynamics. The comparison is performed by computing the Bayesian evidence in terms of a thermodynamic integral solved with Markov chain Monte Carlo. The result leads to a conclusion of two micelle water sites, and rules out lower and higher complexity level, i.e., one and three sites. In contrast, and provided only with the quality of best fit, suggest a three site model. The two approximate selection tools, Akaike and Baysian information criterions, may lead to wrong conclusions compared to the the full integration. The methodology is expected to be one of several important tools in NMRD model development, however, is completely general and should find awakened use in many research areas. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Capturing Ordinal Theoretical Constraint in Psychological Science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Haaf ◽  
Fayette Klaassen ◽  
Jeffrey Rouder
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
Comparison Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ordinal Level

Most theories in the social sciences are verbal and provide ordinal-level predictions for data. For example, a theory might predict that performance is better in one condition than another, but not by how much. One way of gaining additional specificity is to posit many ordinal constraints that hold simultaneously. For example a theory might predict an effect in one condition, a larger effect in another, and none in a third. We show how common theoretical positions naturally lead to multiple ordinal constraints. To assess whether multiple ordinal constraints hold in data, we adopt a Bayesian model comparison approach. The result is an inferential system that is custom-tuned for the way social scientists conceptualize theory, and that is more intuitive and informative than current linear-model approaches.

scholarly journals Intermittent Hormone Therapy Models Analysis and Bayesian Model Comparison for Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pasetto ◽  
H. Enderling ◽  
R. A. Gatenby ◽  
R. Brady-Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Basin Of Attraction ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison

AbstractThe prostate is an exocrine gland of the male reproductive system dependent on androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) for development and maintenance. First-line therapy for prostate cancer includes androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), depriving both the normal and malignant prostate cells of androgens required for proliferation and survival. A significant problem with continuous ADT at the maximum tolerable dose is the insurgence of cancer cell resistance. In recent years, intermittent ADT has been proposed as an alternative to continuous ADT, limiting toxicities and delaying time-to-progression. Several mathematical models with different biological resistance mechanisms have been considered to simulate intermittent ADT response dynamics. We present a comparison between 13 of these intermittent dynamical models and assess their ability to describe prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics. The models are calibrated to longitudinal PSA data from the Canadian Prospective Phase II Trial of intermittent ADT for locally advanced prostate cancer. We perform Bayesian inference and model analysis over the models’ space of parameters on- and off-treatment to determine each model’s strength and weakness in describing the patient-specific PSA dynamics. Additionally, we carry out a classical Bayesian model comparison on the models’ evidence to determine the models with the highest likelihood to simulate the clinically observed dynamics. Our analysis identifies several models with critical abilities to disentangle between relapsing and not relapsing patients, together with parameter intervals where the critical points’ basin of attraction might be exploited for clinical purposes. Finally, within the Bayesian model comparison framework, we identify the most compelling models in the description of the clinical data.

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