Dominant effect of the grain size of the MAPbI3 perovskite controlled by the surface roughness of TiO2 on the performance of perovskite solar cells

CrystEngComm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 2718-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Methawee Nukunudompanich ◽  
Gekko Budiutama ◽  
Kazuma Suzuki ◽  
Kei Hasegawa ◽  
Manabu Ihara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Dominant Effect

The surface roughness of the c-TiO2 layer help controls the perovskite grain size without any other parameter. The direct effect of perovskite grain size on PSC performance is clarified.

scholarly journals Properties of Urea Added Perovskite Solar Cells according to ZrO2 Electronic Transport Layer Thicknesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Kwangbae Kim ◽  
Ohsung Song
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Perovskite Layer

The properties of 6 mM urea added perovskite solar cells (PSCs) according to ZrO2 electron transport layer (ETL) thicknesses of 204, 221, 254, and 281 nm were examined. A solar simulator was used to characterize the photovoltaic properties of the cell. Optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscope were used for the microstructure analysis, and a 3D profiler was used to analyze surface roughness. UV-VIS-NIR was used to analyze transmittance. From the photovoltaic analysis result, an energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of 14.93% was exhibited by the cell with a 221 nm-ZrO2 layer and added urea. From the analysis result of microstructure and surface roughness, 384 nm grain size was obtained through appropriate surface roughness of base layer for perovskite growth and the grain size coarsening by the urea under the 221 nm-ZrO2 condition. For this reason, ECE increased as the resistance of the grain boundary decreased. When the thickness of the ETL was increased above 250 nm-ZrO2, the ECE decreased due to the reduction in light transmittance, and light reaching the perovskite layer. Therefore, the ECE of PCS could be enhanced by selecting a ZrO2 layer with the appropriate thickness and the addition of urea.

A thiourea additive-based quadruple cation lead halide perovskite with an ultra-large grain size for efficient perovskite solar cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (45) ◽  
pp. 21824-21833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti V. Patil ◽  
Sawanta S. Mali ◽  
Chang Kook Hong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Controlling the grain size of the organic–inorganic perovskite thin films using thiourea additives now crossing 2 μm size with >20% power conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of Cu-In-Ga-S Nanoparticles Compactness on Holes Transfer of Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Zhao ◽  
Yinghui Wu ◽  
Bao Tu ◽  
Guichuan Xing ◽  
Haifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Hole Transfer ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Although a compact holes-transport-layer (HTL) film has always been deemed mandatory for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the impact their compactness on the device performance has rarely been studied in detail. In this work, based on a device structure of FTO/CIGS/perovskite/PCBM/ZrAcac/Ag, that effect was systematically investigated with respect to device performance along with photo-physics characterization tools. Depending on spin-coating speed, the grain size and coverage ratio of those CIGS films on FTO substrates can be tuned, and this can result in different hole transfer efficiencies at the anode interface. At a speed of 4000 r.p.m., the band level offset between the perovskite and CIGS modified FTO was reduced to a minimum of 0.02 eV, leading to the best device performance, with conversion efficiency of 15.16% and open-circuit voltage of 1.04 V, along with the suppression of hysteresis. We believe that the balance of grain size and coverage ratio of CIGS interlayers can be tuned to an optimal point in the competition between carrier transport and recombination at the interface based on the proposed mechanism. This paper definitely deepens our understanding of the hole transfer mechanism at the interface of PSC devices, and facilitates future design of high-performance devices.

Optical Simulation and Investigation of the Effect of Hysteresis on the Perovskite Solar Cells

NANO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Jahantigh ◽  
S. M. Bagher Ghorashi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer

Perovskite solar cells have recently been considered to be an auspicious candidate for the advancement of future photovoltaic research. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 22% has been reported to be reached, which can be obtained through an inexpensive and high-throughput solution process. Modeling and simulation of these cells can provide deep insights into their fundamental mechanism of performance. In this paper, two different perovskite solar cells are designed by using COMSOL Multiphysics to optimize the thickness of each layer and the overall thickness of the cell. Electric potential, electron and hole concentrations, generation rate, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and the output power were calculated. Finally, PCEs of 20.7% and 26.1% were predicted. Afterwards, according to the simulation results, the role of the hole transport layer (HTL) was investigated and the optimum thickness of the perovskite was measured to be 200[Formula: see text]nm for both cells. Therefore, the spin coating settings are selected so that a coating with this thickness for cell 1 is deposited. In order to compare the performance of HTM layer, solar cells with a Spiro-OMeTAD HTM and without the HTM layer in their structure were fabricated. According to the obtained photovoltaic properties, the solar cell made with Spiro-OMeTAD has a more favorable open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text]), short-circuit current density ([Formula: see text]), fill factor (FF) and PCE compared to the cell without the HTM layer. Also, hysteresis depends strongly on the perovskite grain size, because large average grain size will lead to an increase in the grain’s contact surface area and a decrease in the density of grain boundaries. Finally, according to the results, it was concluded that, in the presence of a hole transport layer, ion transfer was better and ion accumulation was less intense, and therefore, the hysteresis decreases.

Enhanced Grain Size and Crystallinity in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Films by Metal Additives to the Single-Step Solution Fabrication Process

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (55) ◽  
pp. 3237-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahrah S. Almutawah ◽  
Suneth C. Watthage ◽  
Zhaoning Song ◽  
Ramez H. Ahangharnejhad ◽  
Kamala K. Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

ABSTRACTMethods of obtaining large grain size and high crystallinity in absorber materials play an important role in fabrication of high-performance methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells. Here we study the effect of adding small concentrations of Cd2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+salts to the perovskite precursor solution used in the single-step solution fabrication process. Enhanced grain size and crystallinity in MAPbI3 films were obtained by using 0.1% of Cd2+ or Zn2+in the precursor solution. Consequently, solar cells constructed with Cd- and Zn-doped perovskite films show a significant improvement in device performance. These results suggest that the process may be an effective and facile method to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaic devices.

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes as crystal growth templates and grain bridges in perovskite solar cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 12987-12992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungju Seo ◽  
Il Jeon ◽  
Rong Xiang ◽  
Changsoo Lee ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Grain Size Control

Grain size control and boundary passivation of perovskite films are the key to obtaining efficient perovskite solar cells.

Effect of bidentate and tridentate additives on the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 4977-4987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangzhao Chen ◽  
Seul-Gi Kim ◽  
Xiaodong Ren ◽  
Hyun Suk Jung ◽  
Nam-Gyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
High Quality

Fabrication of high-quality perovskite films with a large grain size and fewer defects is always crucial to achieve efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Various Organic Solvents on the PCBM Electron Transport Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Tsai ◽  
Chia-Ming Lin ◽  
Cheng-Hao Kuei
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
X Ray

In this study, four organic solvents including 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), chlorobenzene (CB), methylbenzene (MB), and chloroform (CF) were used as solvents in the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This study observed the effects of various solvents on the surface morphology of the ETL by using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface roughness, crystal structure, and surface element bonding of the ETL were observed using an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), respectively. The absorption spectrum of the perovskite layer was explored using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The characteristics of the PSC device were analyzed in terms of its current density–voltage (J–V) curve, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results showed that DCB is a solvent with a high boiling point, low vapor pressure, and high dielectric constant, and using DCB as the solvent for ETL, the uniformity, coverage, and surface roughness of the ETL showed better properties. The power conversion efficiency of the PSC in which DCB was used as the solvent achieved a value of 11.07%, which was higher than that of the PSCs in which other solvents were used.

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