SARS-CoV-2 and Tissue Damage: Current Insights and Biomaterial-based Therapeutic Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himadri Roy ◽  
Rupali Singh ◽  
Deepa Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Transmission

The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on humanity has gained worldwide attention and importance due to its rapid transmission, lack of treatment and high mortality rate. While scientists across the world...

The World Against Versatile SARS-Cov-2 Nanomachines; Mythological or Reality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Tavakol ◽  
Hani Tavakol ◽  
Mo S. Alavijeh ◽  
Alexander Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
To Come

: Nanomachines hold promise for the next generation of emerging technology; however, nanomachines are not a new concept, viruses, nature’s nanomachines, have already existed for thousands of years. In 2019, the whole world has had to come together to confront a life-threatening nanomachine named “SARS-CoV-2”, which causes COVID-19 illness. SARS-CoV-2, a smart nanomachine, attaches itself onto the ACE2 and CD147 receptors present on the cell surfaces of the lungs, kidneys, heart, brain, intestines, and testes, etc. and triggers pathogenesis. Cell entry triggers a cascade of inflammatory responses resulting in tissue damage, with the worst affected cases leading to death. SARS-CoV-2 influences several receptors and signalling pathways; therefore, finding a biomaterial that caps these signalling pathways and ligand sites is of interest. This research aimed to compare the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and its elderly sisters’, MERS and SARS. Furthermore, we glanced at emerging therapeutics that carry potential in eliminating SARS-CoV-2, and the tissue damage it causes. Simple prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 infection have been put forward.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Tempat Pemakamam Umum Pondok Rajeg Bogor Berbasis Web

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Ibnu Rusdi ◽  
Indra Febria Widy ◽  
Hisyam Husein
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Government ◽  
Very High ◽  
Overall Mortality

The use of information technology has a very broad scope. One of them is in the field of funeral. Funeral is often a "backward" issue in this life. Even if we look at our "nature" as human beings, we will all experience what is called death. The thing we need to prepare for death besides worship is that we need to prepare our final rest right. We often forget this, even though if we see the phenomenon that the world mortality rate is increasing every day, even Indonesia is one of the countries with a very high mortality rate. The high mortality rate is not in line with the number of locations or burial places available. This has become a problem that must be solved and become a problem that is quite serious and needs serious handling. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of information technology to record the overall mortality rate and also record the availability of existing locations to bury it. That way the government can monitor every problem that exists and can provide solutions that can be disseminated easily by utilizing information technology, the author uses the Waterfall method to facilitate the process of needs analysis until testing the design of building information systems public cemetery (TPU) Pondok Rajeg Bogor.

scholarly journals A Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Management Options, Public Health Measures

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Mukoro Duke George
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is an unknown corona virus causing COVID-19 disease responsible for the ongoing pandemic affecting over 190 countries, with a mortality rate of about 5%. The high mortality rate resulted from its ability to elicit cytokine storm via non-specific immune response with delay in specific immune response, notably worst in the elderly, HIV, immunocompromised and cancer diseased patients. The article therefore provides frontline health care workers, the opportunity to understand and equip themselves with management options, public health measures used in coping with COVID-19 infections and enables personnel to make quick preparation for Symptomatic COVID-19 infection in-order to reduce mortalities in health facilities. It also provides a summarised teaching material for medical and allied health students around the world. Methodology: Credible data and information were obtained from the World health organization situation report, Johns Hopkins University Corona Virus resource centre and other notable journal publications. Most information was on public domain. Results: Clinical features reported include pneumonia, renal dysfunction, hepatobiliary dysfunction and residual tissue damage, especially in the lungs in those that survive. The literature highlights the blood work-up picture (Leucopenia, increased cytokines IL-6, ferritin, Serum creatinine, urea, AST, GGT, ALT and Viremia) and radiological features of the disease. ELISA and RT-qPCR test are required for diagnosis using sputum, or pharyngeal swab, blood, serum, urine and faecal samples which lead to faeco-oral transmission. ELISA/RT-PCR is also required for disease exclusions in co-existing epidemics such as MERS-CoV, SARS-COV and other viral diseases. Treatment modalities employed thus far are trials that have produce results including targeted therapy, anti-retroviral, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, antibody-serum and antimalaria drugs such as chloroquine and quinine which are found among some protocols in African setting and other developing countries. Currently, ongoing preventive measures (face mask, social distancing and hand hygiene, community testing, isolation of confirmed cases and tracking of the exposed, remain the key corner-stone in the management of COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: COVID -19 disease still remain unclear to many scientists and its pandemic still ongoing. There are many research and clinical trials ongoing while some drugs are used off-label in-order to mitigate the damage caused by the virus in Human body. Cytokine storm needs immunomodulators and viral targeted therapy as discussed in-order to reduce tissue damage, and eventually morbidity and mortalities from COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Complications in Asthmatic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-626
Author(s):  
Entezar Mehrabi Nasab ◽  
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has inflicted millions of people in the world and caused severe complications in immunocompromised individuals. Some evidences suggest that severe COVID-19 complications are associated with the cytokine storm syndrome, contributing to the high mortality rate of the disease. Asthma is a complicated disease of the respiratory system. COVID-19 symptoms can be worse in asthmatic patients than others. Corticosteroids with anti-inflammatory functions which are used in asthmatic patients may have adverse outcomes in coronavirus infection and are not recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, asthmatic patients (using inhalation corticosteroids) have a suppressed immune system in the lung, which increases their susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.

Emamectin benzoate is a safe and effective anthelmintic against coelomic nematode Philometra rubra in striped bass Morone saxatilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
K Béland ◽  
G Séguin ◽  
S Lair
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Parasitic Burden

An unusually high mortality rate due to verminous (Philometra rubra) coelomitis was documented in wild-hatched striped bass Morone saxatilis raised in a fish hatchery as part of a stock restoration program. To decrease the parasitic burden and therefore potentially minimize mortality, the effectiveness of 2 different anthelmintics was evaluated. Two trials were conducted on wild-collected fingerlings naturally infected by P. rubra. In 2006, 144 yearling fish were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: (1) levamisole (Levasol®) at 2 mg l-1 via immersion for 8 h once weekly for 3 wk; (2) levamisole at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; (3) emamectin benzoate (Slice®) at a dose of 0.05 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; and (4) control. Emamectin successfully eliminated live nematodes in 84.9% of the fish, whereas the administration of levamisole, either via immersion or feed, was not successful in significantly reducing the number of live P. rubra. In 2007, the administration of the same dosage of emamectin to approximately 1000 naturally infected yearling striped bass was associated with a 100% mortality rate of P. rubra in the 30 fish randomly examined 5 wk after the beginning of the treatment. Results of these trials indicate that, at the dosage used, the administration of emamectin at the end of the summer is safe for striped bass yearlings and considerably reduces the prevalence and intensity of the infection by this parasite.

A Sustainable Approach for Organisational using Strategic Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Almazrouei ◽  
◽  
Azlina Md Yassin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

Strategic management have gained popularity in the public institutions to foster good delivery service to the public. The strategic planning enables organizations to establish a strategic match between the internal competency, resources and external environment. Majority of the successful organizations across the world use strategic management and planning as a tool that enables to optimize the operations and achieve maximum productivity with the resources. This paper reviewed on strategic management for organisations in Abu Dhabi especially for Abu Dhabi Police (ADP) force. It presents three strategic management theories which can be adopted by an organisation. This would help the organisation such as police department to reduce the increasing crime rate and mortality rate in UAE.

Inovasi Teknologi Pembuatan Pakan Udang dengan Penambahan Tepung Kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata L.) di Desa Tamangapa Kecamatan Ma’rang Kab. Pangkep

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Harlina Harlina ◽  
Hadijah Hadijah ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
Ernaningsih Ernaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Community Service ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Counseling Training ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
Simple Technology

Tamangapa village, Ma’rang district is part of the community development program conducted by Universitas Muslim Indonesia in Pangkajene Kepulauan regency. The local shrimp farmers of Tamangapa village have been facing major issue due to expensive artificial feed and high mortality rate. In order to solve the needs of feed and high mortality rate for farmed fish or shrimp, the source of the natural ingredients using kopasanda leaves Chromolaena odorata L is required. The use of a natural ingredient is also used to prevent the vibriosis using simple technology such as the utilization of local raw materials which is affordable and locally available. The present community service aimed to provide the proper knowledge and skills to members of the fish/shrimp farmer’s group through counseling, training and mentoring. This community service program encouraged the local farmers to be able to utilize the local raw materials as a source of shrimp feed, use the feed pellet machine, and packaging leading to independent feed production. The participatory training method, lectures, forum group discussions, and practices of making shrimp feed and packaging were applied. The Implementation of the Community Partnership Program of Shrimp and Fish Cultivation Groups is independently able to produce organic fish or shrimp feed for farmer’s group leading to higher productivity of aquaculture.

The chronicle of COVID-19: possible strategies to curb the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Seetha Harilal ◽  
Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi ◽  
Githa Elizabeth Mathew ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Day By Day

: COVID-19, an epidemic that emerged in Wuhan, has become a pandemic affecting worldwide and is in a rapidly evolving condition. Day by day, the confirmed cases and deaths are increasing many folds. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus; therefore, limited data are available to curb the disease. Epidemiological approaches, isolation, quarantine, social distancing, lockdown, and curfew are being employed to halt the spread of the disease. Individual and joint efforts all over the world are producing a wealth of data and information which are expected to produce therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Current research focuses on the utilization of antiviral drugs, repurposing strategies, vaccine development as well as basic to advanced research about the organism and the infection. The review focuses on the life cycle, targets, and possible therapeutic strategies, which can lead to further research and development of COVID-19 therapy.

Candida albicans endocarditis involving a normal native aortic valve in an immunocompetent patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e236902
Author(s):  
Taha Sheikh ◽  
Jeremy C Tomcho ◽  
Mohammed T Awad ◽  
Syeda Ramsha Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Fungal Endocarditis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Valves ◽  
Serious Infection

Fungal endocarditis, specifically from Candida species, is a rare but serious infection with a high mortality rate. Most cases occur in bioprosthetic or mechanical valves and are uncommon in native, structurally normal valves. When Candida endocarditis is detected and appropriate treatment is initiated earlier, there is an improvement in mortality. While the recommendation is usually to treat with a combination of surgery and antifungal medications, patient comorbidities may limit treatment options.

scholarly journals An outline of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the complement cascade of immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmalochan Hembram
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 19 is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first notified in Wuhan, China, is now spread into numerous part of the world. Thus, the world needs urgent support and encouragement to develop a vaccine or antiviral treatments to combat the atrocious outbreak. Main body of the abstract The origin of this virus is yet unknown; however, rapid transmission from human-to-human “Anthroponosis” has widely confirmed. The world is witnessing a continuous hike in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19, we have aimed to highlight the basic and vital information about the novel coronavirus. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, timeline and its pathophysiological properties which would be an aid for the development of therapeutic molecules and antiviral drugs. Immune system plays a crucial role in virus infection in order to control but may have dark side when becomes uncontrollable. The host and SARS-CoV-2 interaction describe how the virus exploits host machinery and how overactive host immune response can cause disease severity also addressed in this review. Short conclusion Safe and effective vaccines may be the game-changing tools, but in the near future wearing mask, washing hands at regular intervals, avoiding crowed, maintaining physical distancing and hygienic surrounding, must be good practices to reduce and break the transmission chain. Still, research is ongoing not only on how vaccines protect against disease, but also against infection and transmission.

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