scholarly journals Topography induced stiffness alteration of stem cells influences osteogenic differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2638-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Yang ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Lu Ge ◽  
Qihui Zhou ◽  
Eliza M. Warszawik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Biological Processes

Topography-driven alterations to single cell stiffness rather than alterations in cell morphology, is the underlying driver for influencing cell biological processes, particularly stem cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Using single-cell entropy to describe the dynamics of reprogramming and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (30) ◽  
pp. 2050288
Author(s):  
Y. Ye ◽  
Z. Yang ◽  
M. Zhu ◽  
J. Lei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Macroscopic Variable ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a great model to study the process of stem cell reprogramming and differentiation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables us to investigate the reprogramming process at single-cell level. Here, we introduce single-cell entropy (scEntropy) as a macroscopic variable to quantify the cellular transcriptome from scRNA-seq data during reprogramming and differentiation of iPSCs. scEntropy measures the relative order parameter of genomic transcriptions at single cell level during the process of cell fate changes, which show increase tendency during differentiation, and decrease upon reprogramming. Hence, scEntropy provides an intrinsic measurement of the cell state, and can be served as a pseudo-time of the stem cell differentiation process. Moreover, based on the evolutionary dynamics of scEntropy, we construct a phenomenological Fokker-Planck equation model and the corresponding stochastic differential equation for the process of cell state transitions during pluripotent stem cell differentiation. These equations provide further insights to infer the processes of cell fates changes and stem cell differentiation. This study is the first to introduce the novel concept of scEntropy to quantify the biological process of iPSC, and suggests that the scEntropy can provide a suitable macroscopic variable for single cells to describe cell fate transition during differentiation and reprogramming of stem cells.

scholarly journals Using single-cell entropy to describe the dynamics of reprogramming and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusong Ye ◽  
Zhuoqin Yang ◽  
Meixia Zhu ◽  
Jinzhi Lei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Macroscopic Variable ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a great model to study the process of stem cell reprogramming and differentiation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables us to investigate the reprogramming process at single-cell level. Here, we introduce single-cell entropy (scEntropy) as a macroscopic variable to quantify the cellular transcriptome from scRNA-seq data during reprogramming and differentiation of iPSCs. scEntropy measures the relative order parameter of genomic transcriptions at single cell level during the process of cell fate changes, which show increase tendency during differentiation, and decrease upon reprogramming. Hence, scEntropy provides an intrinsic measurement of the cell state, and can be served as a pseudo-time of the stem cell differentiation process. Moreover, based on the evolutionary dynamics of scEntropy, we construct a phenomenological Fokker-Planck equation model and the corresponding stochastic differential equation for the process of cell state transitions during pluripotent stem cell differentiation. These equations provide further insights to infer the processes of cell fates changes and stem cell differentiation. This study is the first to introduce the novel concept of scEntropy to quantify the biological process of iPSC, and suggests that the scEntropy can provide a suitable macroscopic variable for single cells to describe cell fate transition during differentiation and reprogramming of stem cells.

Topographical regulation of stem cell differentiation by plant-derived micro/nanostructures

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (35) ◽  
pp. 18305-18312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruitong Zhang ◽  
Shuwei Han ◽  
Na Ren ◽  
Linlin Liang ◽  
Na Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

A novel plant-derived material as scaffolds that can promote the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells is reported.

scholarly journals Tendon-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation in the Degenerative Tendon Microenvironment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Jing-wan Luo ◽  
Ke-ke Zhang ◽  
Long-xiang Lin ◽  
Ting Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Morphology Changes

Tendinopathy is prevalent in athletic and many occupational populations; nevertheless, the pathogenesis of tendinopathy remains unclear. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) were regarded as the key culprit for the development of tendinopathy. However, it is uncertain how TDSCs differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteocytes in the degenerative microenvironment of tendinopathy. So in this study, the regulating effects of the degenerative tendon microenvironment on differentiation of TDSCs were investigated. TDSCs were isolated from rat Achilles tendons and were grown on normal and degenerative (prepared by stress-deprived culture) decellularized tendon slices (DTSs). Immunofluorescence staining, H&E staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot were used to delineate the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of TDSCs in the degenerative microenvironment. It was found that TDSCs were much more spread on the degenerative DTSs than those on normal DTSs. The tenocyte-related markers, COL1 and TNMD, were highly expressed on normal DTSs than the degenerative DTSs. The expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic markers, COL2, SOX9, Runx2, and ALP, was higher on the degenerative DTSs compared with TDSCs on normal DTSs. Furthermore, phosphorylated FAK and ERK1/2 were reduced on degenerative DTSs. In conclusion, this study found that the degenerative tendon microenvironment induced TDSCs to differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. It could be attributed to the cell morphology changes and reduced FAK and ERK1/2 activation in the degenerative microenvironment of tendinopathy.

scholarly journals DYRK1A Negatively Regulates CDK5-SOX2 Pathway and Self-Renewal of Glioblastoma Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4011
Author(s):  
Brianna Chen ◽  
Dylan McCuaig-Walton ◽  
Sean Tan ◽  
Andrew P. Montgomery ◽  
Bryan W. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cell ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Glioblastoma Stem Cells ◽  
Glioblastoma Stem Cell

Glioblastoma display vast cellular heterogeneity, with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) at the apex. The critical role of GSCs in tumour growth and resistance to therapy highlights the need to delineate mechanisms that control stemness and differentiation potential of GSC. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) regulates neural progenitor cell differentiation, but its role in cancer stem cell differentiation is largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that DYRK1A kinase is crucial for the differentiation commitment of glioblastoma stem cells. DYRK1A inhibition insulates the self-renewing population of GSCs from potent differentiation-inducing signals. Mechanistically, we show that DYRK1A promotes differentiation and limits stemness acquisition via deactivation of CDK5, an unconventional kinase recently described as an oncogene. DYRK1A-dependent inactivation of CDK5 results in decreased expression of the stemness gene SOX2 and promotes the commitment of GSC to differentiate. Our investigations of the novel DYRK1A-CDK5-SOX2 pathway provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying glioblastoma stem cell maintenance.

scholarly journals Nuclear Export of Smads by RanBP3L Regulates Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfang Chen ◽  
Xia Lin ◽  
Pinglong Xu ◽  
Zhengmao Zhang ◽  
Yanzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play vital roles in regulating stem cell maintenance and differentiation. BMPs can induce osteogenesis and inhibit myogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Canonical BMP signaling is stringently controlled through reversible phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 (Smad1/5/8). However, how the nuclear export of Smad1/5/8 is regulated remains unclear. Here we report that the Ran-binding protein RanBP3L acts as a nuclear export factor for Smad1/5/8. RanBP3L directly recognizes dephosphorylated Smad1/5/8 and mediates their nuclear export in a Ran-dependent manner. Increased expression of RanBP3L blocks BMP-induced osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and promotes myogenic induction of C2C12 mouse myoblasts, whereas depletion of RanBP3L expression enhances BMP-dependent stem cell differentiation activity and transcriptional responses. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RanBP3L, as a nuclear exporter for BMP-specific Smads, plays a critical role in terminating BMP signaling and regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

Magnetic field assisted stem cell differentiation – role of substrate magnetization in osteogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (16) ◽  
pp. 3150-3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Boda ◽  
Greeshma Thrivikraman ◽  
Bikramjit Basu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation

Substrate magnetization as a tool for modulating the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Induction of Cancerous Stem Cells during Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 287 (44) ◽  
pp. 36777-36791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Fujimori ◽  
Mima Shikanai ◽  
Hirobumi Teraoka ◽  
Mitsuko Masutani ◽  
Ken-ichi Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

scholarly journals Transformative opportunities for single-cell proteomics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Specht ◽  
Nikolai Slavov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
New Age ◽  
Technological Developments

Many pressing medical challenges - such as diagnosing disease, enhancing directed stem cell differentiation, and classifying cancers - have long been hindered by limitations in our ability to quantify proteins in single cells. Mass-spectrometry (MS) is poised to transcend these limitations by developing powerful methods to routinely quantify thousands of proteins and proteoforms across many thousands of single cells. We outline specific technological developments and ideas that can increase the sensitivity and throughput of single cell MS by orders of magnitude and usher in this new age. These advances will transform medicine and ultimately contribute to understanding biological systems on an entirely new level.

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