CCCXXIV.—The system sodium carbonate–sodium sulphate–water

1924 ◽  
Vol 125 (0) ◽  
pp. 2381-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Augustus Caspari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Water ◽  
System Sodium

Heterogeneous equilibria in the ternary system sodium sulphite-sodium sulphate-water

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 954-963
Author(s):  
Albert Cherbury ◽  
David Rivett ◽  
Neil Bannatyne Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphite ◽  
Sulphate Water ◽  
System Sodium

The System Sodium Sulphate-Water

1927 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Water ◽  
System Sodium

Ternary system; sodium iodate-sodium sulphate-water

1930 ◽  
Vol s5-19 (111) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Foote ◽  
J. E. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Iodate ◽  
Sulphate Water ◽  
System Sodium

Sodium salt scaling in black liquor evaporators and the effects of the addition of tall oil brine

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Karlsson ◽  
Anders Åkesjö
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Salt Scaling ◽  
Primary Nucleation

AbstractSodium salt scaling, i. e. the formation of doubles salts comprised of sodium, carbonate and sulphate on the heat transfer surfaces, is a common problem that occurs during black liquor evaporation. In this study, experimental results are presented that provide new insights into the formation and composition of such scales and how they are influenced by the addition of tall oil brine. It was found that increased content of sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate in the black liquor increased scaling, while the ratio between carbonate and sulphate had a lesser influence than reported in other studies. Black liquor created loose clay-like scales comprised of aggregated crystals and black liquor, whereas salt solutions created hard mineral-like scales. The scales formed by both the black liquor and the salt solution showed a tendency to fall off during formation after primary nucleation. It was also found that both tall oil soap and alkalized tall oil brine could inhibit the formation of scales. The inhibition effect is stronger if adding the soap or brine just before scaling starts, but also depends on the amount added, the sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate content in the liquor as well as other factors.

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