CXLIX.—The molecular complexity of amides in various solvents. Part II

1910 ◽  
Vol 97 (0) ◽  
pp. 1605-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Norman Meldrum ◽  
William Ernest Stephen Turner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Complexity

scholarly journals Identifying molecules as biosignatures with assembly theory and mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Marshall ◽  
Cole Mathis ◽  
Emma Carrick ◽  
Graham Keenan ◽  
Geoffrey J. T. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Detection ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe search for alien life is hard because we do not know what signatures are unique to life. We show why complex molecules found in high abundance are universal biosignatures and demonstrate the first intrinsic experimentally tractable measure of molecular complexity, called the molecular assembly index (MA). To do this we calculate the complexity of several million molecules and validate that their complexity can be experimentally determined by mass spectrometry. This approach allows us to identify molecular biosignatures from a set of diverse samples from around the world, outer space, and the laboratory, demonstrating it is possible to build a life detection experiment based on MA that could be deployed to extraterrestrial locations, and used as a complexity scale to quantify constraints needed to direct prebiotically plausible processes in the laboratory. Such an approach is vital for finding life elsewhere in the universe or creating de-novo life in the lab.

scholarly journals Genetic and Transcriptomic Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Situation and the Road Ahead

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Julie Lake ◽  
Catherine S. Storm ◽  
Mary B. Makarious ◽  
Sara Bandres-Ciga
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Current State ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases are etiologically and clinically heterogeneous conditions, often reflecting a spectrum of disease rather than well-defined disorders. The underlying molecular complexity of these diseases has made the discovery and validation of useful biomarkers challenging. The search of characteristic genetic and transcriptomic indicators for preclinical disease diagnosis, prognosis, or subtyping is an area of ongoing effort and interest. The next generation of biomarker studies holds promise by implementing meaningful longitudinal and multi-modal approaches in large scale biobank and healthcare system scale datasets. This work will only be possible in an open science framework. This review summarizes the current state of genetic and transcriptomic biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, providing a comprehensive landscape of recent literature and future directions.

Multicomponent Reaction Design in the Quest for Molecular Complexity and Diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (28) ◽  
pp. 6234-6246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Ruijter ◽  
Rachel Scheffelaar ◽  
Romano V. A. Orru
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reaction ◽  
Molecular Complexity
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