XCIII.—The densities of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen and their mixtures

John Kenneth Harold Inglis; Joseph Edward Coates

doi:10.1039/ct9068900886

Foil Bearing Performance in a Liquid Nitrogen and Liquid Oxygen Turbopump

10.2514/6.1994-3381 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

GARY GENGE ◽

MARSHALL SAVILLE ◽

ALSON GU

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Liquid Oxygen ◽

Foil Bearing

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Critical Suction Peformance Test of Turbopump Assembly for a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine

Volume 2B: Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/gt2018-76430 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Gi Lee ◽

Ju Hyun Shin ◽

Suk Hwan Yoon ◽

Dae Jin Kim ◽

Jun Hwan Bae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Performance Test ◽

Rocket Engine ◽

Lightweight Design ◽

Cavitation Number ◽

Inlet Pressure ◽

Liquid Oxygen ◽

Pump Failure ◽

Critical Cavitation ◽

Suction Performance

This study investigates the behavior of a turbopump assembly during critical cavitation of the propellant pumps in the upper rocket engine of the Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II. Turbopumps operate under conditions involving low pressure at the pump inlet and high rotational speeds to allow for a lightweight design. This severe environment can easily cause cavitation to occur in the pump. This cavitation can then cause the pump operation to fail. As the cavitation number in the pump decreases below the critical point, the pump fails to operate. There is concern regarding the behavior of the turbopump assembly arising from pump failure due to cavitation. It is necessary to verify the problems that may occur if the turbopump assembly operates under extreme conditions, such like the critical cavitation. This study performed tests to investigate the breakdown of pumps in the turbopump assembly. Tests were conducted with liquid nitrogen, water, and high-pressure air instead of the mediums used during actual operation of liquid oxygen, kerosene, and hot gas. The turbopump was tested at the design point of 27,000 rpm, while the inlet pressure of each pump was controlled to approach the critical cavitation number. The turbine power output was maintained during the tests. The results show that the breakdown point of the oxidizer pump using liquid nitrogen, which is a cryogenic medium, occurred at a lower cavitation number than during an individual component suction performance test using water. The fuel pump using water, meanwhile, experiences breakdown at similar cavitation numbers in both tests. As the breakdown of the pump occurs, the power required by that pump decreases, and the rotational speed of the turbopump increases. Compared with individual pump suction performance tests, this breakdown test can be used to determine the limit of the propellant inlet pressure of the turbopump and to characterize the behavior of the turbopump assembly when a breakdown occurs. Vibrations were also analyzed for tests at a high cavitation number and at the critical cavitation number. The vibration increased with breakdown and notable frequencies were analyzed.

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Neutron scattering by liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen

Molecular Physics ◽

10.1080/00268977500100491 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 581-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

J.H. Clarke ◽

J.C. Dore ◽

R.N. Sinclair

Keyword(s):

Neutron Scattering ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Liquid Oxygen

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Vacuum Insulated Dewars for Liquid Oxygen and Liquid Nitrogen

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-3105-6_28 ◽

1960 ◽

pp. 238-247

Author(s):

H. A. Eichstaedt

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Liquid Oxygen

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An Efficient Vacuum-Jacketed Liquid Nitrogen or Liquid Oxygen Storage Vessel

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-3099-8_3 ◽

1960 ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

N. C. Hallett ◽

H. W. Altman ◽

M. L. Yeager ◽

C. L. Newton

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Oxygen Storage ◽

Liquid Oxygen ◽

Storage Vessel

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Rewet Temperature Correlations for Liquid Nitrogen Boiling Pipe Flows Across Varying Flow Conditions and Orientations

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications ◽

10.1115/1.4042857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. R. Darr ◽

J. Dong ◽

N. Glikin ◽

J. W. Hartwig ◽

J. N. Chung

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Phase Change ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Heat Transfer Process ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Liquid Oxygen ◽

Cryogenic Fluids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Leidenfrost Temperature ◽

Phase Change Heat Transfer

In many convective liquid–vapor phase-change heat transfer engineering applications, cryogenic fluids are widely used in industrial processes, spacecraft and cryosurgery systems, and so on. For example, cryogens are usually used as liquid fuels such as liquid hydrogen, liquid methane, and liquid oxygen in the rocket industry, liquid nitrogen and helium are frequently used to cool superconducting magnetic device for medical applications. In these systems, proper transport, handling, and storage of cryogenic fluids are of extreme importance. Among all the cryogenic transport processes performed in room temperatures, quenching, also termed chilldown, is an unavoidable initial, transient phase-change heat transfer process that brings the system down to the cryogenic condition. The Leidenfrost temperature or rewet temperature that signals the end of film boiling is practically considered the completion point of a quenching process. Therefore, rewet temperature has been considered the most important parameter for the engineering design of cryogenic thermal management systems. As most of the previous correlations for predicting the Leidenfrost temperature and the rewet temperature have been developed for water, they are shown to disagree with recent liquid nitrogen pipe chilldown experiments in upward and downward flow directions over a wide range of flow rates, pressures, and degrees of inlet subcooling. In addition to a complete review of the literature, two modified correlations are presented, one based on bubble growth and another based on the theoretical maximum limit of superheat. Each correlation performs well over the entire dataset.

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