scholarly journals XLIII.—The vapour pressures, specific volumes, and critical constants of normal pentane, with a note on the critical point

1897 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 446-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Young
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Specific Volumes ◽  
Critical Constants

A Rational Equation of State for Water and Water Vapor in the Critical Region

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Parametric Equation ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Specific Volumes

A parametric equation of state was derived for water and water vapor in the critical region from experimental P-V-T data. It is valid in that part of the critical region encompassed by pressures from 3000 to 4000 psia, specific volumes from 0.0400 to 0.1100 ft3/lb, and temperatures from 698 to 752 deg F. The equation of state satisfies all of the known conditions at the critical point. It also satisfies the conditions along certain of the boundaries which probably separate “supercritical liquid” from “supercritical vapor.” The equation of state, though quite simple in form, is probably superior to any equation heretofore derived for water and water vapor in the critical region. Specifically, the deviations between the measured and computed values of pressure in the large majority of the cases were within three parts in one thousand. This coincides approximately with the overall uncertainty in P-V-T measurements. In view of these factors, the author recommends that the equation be used to derive values for such thermodynamic properties as specific heat at constant pressure, enthalpy, and entropy in the critical region.

scholarly journals II. On the critical state of gases

1880 ◽  
Vol 30 (200-205) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Critical State ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Intermediate Condition ◽  
Specific Volumes

In a paper read before the Chemical Society, in May, 1879, I gave an account of a method of determining what is termed by Kopp the “specific volumes” of liquids; that was shown to be the volume of liquid at its boiling-point, at ordinary atmospheric pressure, obtainable from 22,326 volumes of its gas, supposed to exist at 0°. Being desirous of extending these researches, with the view of ascertaining such relations at higher temperatures, since April, 1879, I have made numerous experiments, the results of, and deductions from which I hope to publish before long. The temperatures observed vary from the boiling-points of the liquids examined, to about 50° above their critical points; and in course of these experiments I have noticed some curious facts, which may not be unworthy of the attention of the Society. It is well known that at temperatures above that which produces what is termed by Dr. Andrews the “critical point” of a liquid, the substance is supposed to exist in a peculiar condition, and Dr Andrews purposely abstained from speculating on the nature of the matter, whether it be liquid or gaseous, or in an intermediate condition, to which no name has been given. As my observations bear directly on this point, it may be advisable first to describe the experiments I have made, and then to draw the deductions which appear to follow from them.

The critical constants and orthobaric densities of acetone, chloroform, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 3893-3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
R. M. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Log P ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Rectilinear Diameter ◽  
The Law ◽  
Specific Volumes ◽  
Critical Constants

The specific volumes and pressures in the saturated states of the pure liquids acetone, benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride have been determined from a temperature of 100 °C and a pressure of about 2 atm up to the highest temperatures and pressures at which liquid and vapor coexist. The critical temperatures have been determined by the method of disappearance of meniscus, critical densities from the law of the rectilinear diameter, and critical pressures by extrapolation of the log P vs. 1/T line to the critical temperature.

scholarly journals On the intimate structure of crystals. Part V.—Cubic crystals with octahedral cleavage

1902 ◽  
Vol 69 (451-458) ◽  
pp. 294-306
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Cubic Crystals ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Volumes

During the three years that have elapsed since the last part of this contribution was communicated to the Society, continued reflection has served only to confirm my belief that it is to the molecular volumes of crystalline matter we must turn for insight into its structure. There are several points of detail in which the results already obtained might be usefully modified, but the discussion of these may safely be postponed for the present, while we pass on to more important matters. For we have now reached a critical point in our enquiry, we propose to investigate more complex compounds than those hitherto considered, compounds also distinguished by a different crystalline structure. If we find, and I think we shall, that the constituent atoms of these compounds retain the specific volumes, which were determined from a study of very different cases, then our hypothesis will begin to appear less speculative, and we shall be able with greater confidence to extend our enquiries in other directions.

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