Synthetic applications of organotransition-metal redox reactions

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil G. Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Metal Redox

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

Anti-toxicant Properties of Saffron and Relevance to Protection from Toxins and Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-283
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Hatziagapiou ◽  
George I. Lambrou
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Background: Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, which are collectively called reactive oxygen nitrogen species, are inevitable by-products of cellular metabolic redox reactions, such as oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, phagocytosis, reactions of biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous substrata in endoplasmic reticulum, eicosanoid synthesis, and redox reactions in the presence of metal with variable valence. Among medicinal plants there is a growing interest in Crocus sativus L. It is a perennial, stemless herb, belonging to Iridaceae family, cultivated in various countries such as Greece, Italy, Spain, Israel, Morocco, Turkey, Iran, India, China, Egypt and Mexico. Objective: The present study aims to address the anti-toxicant role of Crocus sativus L. in the cases of toxin and drug toxification. Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted by the two authors from 1993 to August 2017. Original articles and systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis), as well as case reports were selected. Titles and abstracts of papers were screened by a third reviewer to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved. Results: The authors focused on literature concerning the role of Crocus Sativus L. as an anti-toxicant agent. Literature review showed that Saffron is a potent anti-toxicant agent with a plethora of applications ranging from anti-oxidant properties, to chemotherapy protective effects. Conclusion: Literature findings represented in current review herald promising results for using Crocus Sativus L. and/or its active constituents as anti-toxicant, chemotherapy-induced protection and toxin protection.

Updated understanding of platelets in thrombosis and hemostasis: the roles of integrin PSI domains and their potential as therapeutic targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Thomas MacKeigan ◽  
Tiffany Ni ◽  
Chuanbin Shen ◽  
Tyler William Stratton ◽  
Wenjing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Isomerase Activity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Novel Target

: Platelets are small blood cells known primarily for their ability to adhere and aggregate at injured vessels to arrest bleeding. However, when triggered under pathological conditions, the same adaptive mechanism of platelet adhesion and aggregation may cause thrombosis, a primary cause of heart attack and stroke. Over recent decades, research has made considerable progress in uncovering the intricate and dynamic interactions that regulate these processes. Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors expressed on all metazoan cells that facilitate cell adhesion, movement, and signaling, to drive biological and pathological processes such as thrombosis and hemostasis. Recently, our group discovered that the plexinsemaphorin-integrin (PSI) domains of the integrin β subunits exert endogenous thiol isomerase activity derived from their two highly conserved CXXC active site motifs. Given the importance of redox reactions in integrin activation and its location in the knee region, this PSI domain activity may be critically involved in facilitating the interconversions between integrin conformations. Our monoclonal antibodies against the β3 PSI domain inhibited its thiol isomerase activity and proportionally attenuated fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation. Notably, these antibodies inhibited thrombosis without significantly impairing hemostasis or causing platelet clearance. In this review, we will update mechanisms of thrombosis and hemostasis including platelet versatilities and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, discuss critical contributions of the newly discovered PSI domain thiol isomerase activity, and its potential as a novel target for anti-thrombotic therapies and beyond.

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