Recent advances in plasticized PVC gels for soft actuators and devices: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 12991-13009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Mingfei Guo ◽  
Yanbiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Soft Actuators

Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gels belong to a class of electroactive polymers (EAPs), which have the ability to realize bending motion, contractile motion, extended motion and crawling motion under electric stimulation.

Characterization and Constitutive Modeling of a Plasticized Poly(vinyl Chloride) for a Broad Range of Strain Rates

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ellen M. Arruda ◽  
Phillip A. Przybylo
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Test System ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Impact Compression ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Compression Data

Abstract The mechanical behavior, morphological characterization and constitutive modeling of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (or PVC) are studied in this paper. The plasticized PVC is tested to large strains over a broad range of strain rates. Uniaxial and plane strain compression data at various constant strain rates ranging from −0.001 to −10 s−1 are collected on a conventional servohydraulic test system. Additional uniaxial impact compression data at approximately constant strain rates ranging from −1160 to −5560 s−1 are obtained using an aluminum split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The large strain load/unload response of the plasticized PVC is nonlinear, it contains hysteresis and plastic deformation, and the initial response is highly rate dependent when the strain rate spans the transition zone between quasi-static and impact strain rates at room temperature. The morphology of plasticized PVC is analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and described as a physically entangled network. A three-dimensional rate dependent constitutive model for plasticized PVC is developed and shown to successfully predict its stress—strain behavior over a broad range of strain rates.

A Model for the Oxygen Index of Plasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Two Parameter

Experimental Oxygen Index data taken on plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) systems which consisted of just poly(vinyl chloride) resin, PVC, and plasticizer are shown to obey a simple two-parameter equation for plasticizer loadings above 15 weight percent. The empirical equation is further tested using data for similar plasticized PVC compounds based on large number of commercial plasticizers and plasticizer blends. One parameter used in the equation is the Oxygen Index of the pure plasticizer determined using a simple modification of the standard Oxygen Index test procedure. The other parameter is shown to have essentially the same value for all the plasticizers tested. A detailed deriva tion of the empirical model is provided using published flame spread models adapted for the Oxygen Index test. Predictions of the Oxygen Index for the two-component (ideal) plasticized PVC compounds are within 2-3% of the ex perimentally measured values.

scholarly journals Internally plasticized PVC materials via covalent attachment of aminated tung oil methyl ester

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 30101-30108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puyou Jia ◽  
Lihong Hu ◽  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

We developed an internal plasticizer of aminated tung oil methyl ester for the production of non-migration, phthalate-free flexible and internally plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials.

New Type of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride)

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2673-2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Kolínský ◽  
Stanislav Ševčík ◽  
Rudolf Lukáš
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
New Type ◽  
Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

Low-molecular-weight plasticizers are commonly used in the production of plasticized PVC. However, they readily migrate to the surface of the product, which results in the deterioration of physical properties and contamination of environment. This drawback is eliminated by polymerizing vinyl chloride in water suspension in the presence of a polyester plasticizer and structure stabilizer such as triallyl isocyanurate or the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. The data obtained from water and heptane extractions demonstrate a low extractability of the plasticizer used. Attention is focused on the explanation of the role of structure stabilizers in the polymerization process, and some properties of this new type of plasticized PVC and its possible application areas are discussed.

Effect of High-Dose Electron Beam Irradiation on the Migration of DOA and ATBC Plasticizers from Food-Grade PVC and PVDC/PVC Films, Respectively, into Olive Oil

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIOS E. GOULAS ◽  
KYRIAKOS A. RIGANAKOS ◽  
DIETER A. E. EHLERMANN ◽  
PANAGIOTIS G. DEMERTZIS ◽  
MICHAEL G. KONTOMINAS
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate

The effect of high-dose irradiation on the migration of dioctyl adipate (DOA) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) plasticizers from food-grade poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride) (PVDC/PVC) copolymer (Saran) films, respectively, into olive oil was studied. The results showed a significantly higher amount of DOA migrated into olive oil from irradiated versus nonirradiated samples. This difference was more noticeable in oil samples collected during initial periods of contad. The amount of DOA migrating into olive oil was lower for samples irradiated at a dose of 20 kGy in comparison with samples irradiated at adose of 50 kGy. At a sampling time of 1 h the amount of DOA that migrated into olive oil was 93.9 mg/liter, 141.5 mg/liter, and 183.4 mg/liter for nonirradiated samples, 20-kGy irradiated samples, and 50-kGy irradiated samples, respectively. After 288 hr (12 days) of oil-film contad the respective amounts were 390.8 mg/liter, 409.2 mg/liter, and 430.1 mg/liter. There were no statistically significad differences in migrating amount of ATBC between nonirradiated samples and samples irradiated at a dose of 20 kGy, while in samples irradiated at a dose of 50 kGy the migration of ATBC was increased. After 1 h of oil-film contad no detectable amounts of ATBC had migrated. After 288 h of contad the amounts of ATBC that migrated into olive oil were 3.59 mg/liter, 3.56 mg/liter, and 4.12 mg/liter for nonirradiated samples, 20-kGy irradiated samples, and 50-kGy irradiated samples, respectively. It is suggested that plasticized PVC should not be used in direct contact with high-fat foodstuffs with or without irradiation treatment.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Migration of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Plasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) into Air and PVC Resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yan Fang Tang ◽  
Jian Jian Bian ◽  
Song Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

The risk of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) migration from plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) is an important issue for patients.We present a study on the effect of gamma radiation on the migration of DEHP from plasticized PVC into air and PVC as a function of time (0-28day) at 75°C.The samples were irradiated at dose of 25 kGy using a 60Co gamma radiation source.The change of weight loss at 75°C was studied as a function of time.Diffusion coefficient of samples was calculated,it was found that the diffusion coefficient significant increased after irradiation,the sample having ESO exhibited an decrease trend of DEHP migration,which shown that ESO can effectively impress the migration of DEHP from plasticized PVC either in control or irradiate samples,the same Phenomenon was found in air and PVC.The diffusion coefficient was between 8.37×10-11 and 2.68×10-10 cm2/s in air, 8.87×10-8 and 9.99×10-8 cm2/s in PVC.

Creeping and Novel Huge Bending of Plasticized PVC

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Zulhash Uddin ◽  
◽  
Masashi Watanabe ◽  
Hirofusa Shirai ◽  
Toshihiro Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Contact Electrodes

We actuated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gel by applying a do field, and found localized creeping deformation, which induced swift, huge bending like a joint. The bending angle reached ca.150° at maximum at the field of 1000 V mm-1 with the velocity of ca. 90° s-1. The electric current was very small and in the range of 68 nA cm-2 . The mechanism of reversible, marked bending was studied using blocking and contact electrodes. The gel consisted of PVC and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and was free of electrolytes. The concept is simple and applicable to conventional polymer materials. It could serve for developing new classes of soft and durable mechanically functional materials.

Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Nanocomposites Filled with Nanosilica

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowaroj Chuayjuljit ◽  
Nuttapol Sukkasem
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Nano Sio2 ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Dose Dependent

The mechanical properties (tensile properties, tear strength) and morphology of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocomposites filled with varied loadings of nanosilica (nano-SiO2) (3-9 phr) were investigated. It is found that the addition of nano-SiO2 into the plasticized PVC by melt mixing process results in the increase in the Young’s modulus and tear strength, but the decrease in the tensile strength and elongation at break in a dose dependent manner. The SEM micrographs show ductile fractured surfaces for the neat plasticzed PVC and for the nanocomposites with low nano-SiO2 loadings (3 and 5 phr). As the nano-SiO2 loadings are 7 and 9 phr, SEM images illustrate smoother surfaces, caused by the reduction in the flexibility of the plasticized PVC nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a novel environmental friendly plasticizer based on tung oil fatty acid for poly (vinyl chloride) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqing Tong ◽  
Jinping Hai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Migration Resistance

Abstract A novel environmental friendly plasticizer (TPE) derived from tung oil fatty acid with long fatty acid chain and high degree of branching was synthesized. Chemical structure of the obtained TPE was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H NMR. TPE was used to prepare plasticized PVC blends as main plasticizer. Thermal stability, mechanical properties and migration resistance of poly (vinyl chloride) plasticized with TPE were investigated. The results showed that torque data of plasticized PVC blends reached 12.4 N·m when the mass of the TPE was 50 wt.%. TPE improved the thermal stability of PVC blends obviously than dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The leaching tests showed that PVC plasticized with TPE were with higher migration resistance than that of DOP. The excellent thermal stability and high migration resistance of PVC blends showed high application value for TPE.

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