A multifunctional smart window: detecting ultraviolet radiation and regulating the spectrum automatically

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. 10446-10453
Author(s):  
Liangliang Wu ◽  
Huajing Fang ◽  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Hong Wang

A multifunctional smart window for detection and shielding of UV radiation is realized by integrating photodetectors with electrochromic hydrogels.

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Наталья Игоревна Федянина ◽  
Ольга Вячеславовна Карастоянова ◽  
Надежда Вячеславовна Коровкина

Представлены результаты исследования влияния обработки свежих шампиньонов ультрафиолетовым излучением в диапазоне А различными дозами на изменение текстуры. Построена математическая модель зависимости предельной хранимоспособности по целевому показателю грибов от дозы облучения, и установлены оптимальные режимы обработки. The results of a study of the effect of processing fresh champignons with ultraviolet radiation in the A range with various doses on the change in texture are presented. A mathematical model of the dependence of the limiting storage capacity for the target indicator of mushrooms on the radiation dose has been built and the optimal processing modes have been established.


2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
A. V. Mikhalev ◽  
M. A. Chernigovskaya ◽  
A. Yu. Shalin ◽  
E. S. Kazimirovsky

Abstract. The results of spectral measurements of the daily near-noon surface direct solar ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range of 295–345 nm obtained in Irkutsk (East Siberia) for the time interval of 1998–2000 are presented. For the period under consideration, the seasonal UV radiation variations are analysed that are associated with the total ozone dynamics, the transition of cyclonic and anticyclonic (Siberian anticyclone) periods, the presence of snow cover, and other factors. The analysis reveals an asymmetric behaviour of the seasonal course in ground-level UV radiation around the time of the summer solstice, with seasonal variation dependence on the wavelength. We have determined the irregular variations of surface UV radiation that is typical for the region, with their properties dependent on the season and on the spectral range analysed. The similarity of the above noted features from year to year was revealed.Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (Transmission and scattering of radiation; instruments and techniques) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)


2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Iluz ◽  
Razi Vago ◽  
Nanette E. Chadwick ◽  
Razi Hoffman ◽  
Zvy Dubinsky

An extensive bleaching event in the summer of the year 1997-1998 affected most reefs along East Africa's shores. In the aftermath of that episode, the reefs of Île Alphonse in the Seychelles were examined and it was found that reefs along the seaward slopes of the island lost >95% of their branching coral colonies, with considerably higher survival of massive species. Île Alphonse features a nearly circular shallow lagoon, with steep seaward slopes. Contrary to our expectations, mortality in the warmer lagoon was far lower than of coral colonies on the surrounding slopes, bathed in deeper and cooler waters. We suggest that corals in the lagoon were protected from UV radiation by leachate stemming from seagrass leaves steeped in the lagoon. Our measurements in the lagoon showed a strong attenuation of ultraviolet radiation, not observed in the waters outside the lagoon, and laboratory examination confirmed that the strong UV absorption of substances leached into seawater from decomposing leaves of the seagrassThalassodendron (=Cymodocea) testudinaceum. Our findings demonstrate the synergism between elevated seawater temperature and UV radiation in triggering bleaching on shallow reefs.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 5029-5037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Wu ◽  
Furong Yue ◽  
Juntian Xu ◽  
John Beardall

Abstract. We studied the photophysiological responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of two diatoms, isolated from different environmental niches. Both species showed the highest sensitivity to UV radiation under relatively low temperature, while they were less inhibited under moderately increased temperature. Under the highest temperature applied in this study, the benthic diatom Nitzschia sp. showed minimal sensitivity to UV radiation, while inhibition of the planktonic species, Skeletonema sp., increased further compared with that at the growth temperature. These photochemical responses were linked to values for the repair and damage processes within the cell; higher damage rates and lower repair rates were observed for Skeletonema sp. under suboptimal temperature, while for Nitzschia sp., repair rates increased and damage rates were stable within the applied temperature range. Our results suggested that the response of the microalgae to UV radiation correlated with their niche environments, the periodic exposure to extreme temperatures promoting the resistance of the benthic species to the combination of high temperature and UV radiation.


2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
S. Ohgaki ◽  
T. Hirata ◽  
K. Toyooka ◽  
...  

Effects of various alternative disinfectants, e.g. chlorine dioxide, ozone, ultraviolet radiation and chloramine, either alone or in combination with other physical treatments like sand filtration and membrane filtration, on the inactivation and removal of nematoda were studied. Ozone and chloramines were found to be effective for nematoda inactivation. Filtration alone was unable to remove nematoda completely. But the combination of UV radiation and sand filtration turned out to be very effective in the removal of nematoda from drinking water. 90% inactivation of nematoda needed a UV dose of (D10-value) 135 mJ/cm2, while 99% inactivation required 232.5 (135 + 97.5) mJ/cm2. This study was a part of a five-year national research project “Advanced Aqua Clean Technology for 21st Century” (ACT21).


Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšienė ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

The paper presents the assessment of ultraviolet radiation from technical sources. It has been determined that the intensity of UVA radiation is about 10 times higher than the intensity of radiation of UVB. It has been investigated that the intensity of UV radiation during the welding process nonlinearly depends on the strength of the current, namely, if the strength of the current is reduced by 60%, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced by 20%, it also depends on the distance from the source, namely, if the distance is increased 10 times, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced about 25 times. The dose of UVA and UVB radiation from various resources is calculated. Comparison with the minimum erythema dose is submitted. It has been obtained that when the strength of the current is 315 A, the UV radiation dose exceeds 1 MED, namely, UVA ∼ 3000, UVB ∼300 times. After having carried out the experiment it has been found that the UV radiation emitted from a welder comprises about 80% of UVA, and about 20% of UVB. The results of investigation made in a solarium show that UV radiation from lamps comprises 98% of UVA radiation and 2% – of UVB radiation, while in the Sun rays reaching the Earth UV radiation comprises 96% of UVA and 4% of UVB. Santrauka Darbe radiometriniais metodais nustatyti ir įvertinti dirbtinių šaltinių skleidžiamos ultravioletinės alfa ir beta spinduliuotės (UVA ir UVB) intensyvumo pokyčiai ir apskaičiuota įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė. Nustatyta, kad suvirinimo proceso metu skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas priklauso nuo šaltinio intensyvumo (sumažinus šaltinio intensyvumą apie 60 %, UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 20 %) bei nuo atstumo nuo šaltinio (padidinus atstumą 10 kartų UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 25 kartus). Įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė palyginama su minimalia eritemine doze. Gauta, kad suvirinimo metu, esant 315 A elektros srovės stipriui, UVA spinduliuotės dozė 1 MED viršija apie 3000, UVB ~ 300 kartų. Nustatyta, kad apie 80 % iš suvirinimo aparato skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA, o apie 20 % – UVB. 98 % soliariumo lempų skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA ir 2 % – UVB, gi iš Žemę pasiekiančios Saulės UV spinduliuotės 96 % yra UVA ir 4 % UVB. Резюме Радиометрическими методами определены изменения УФА- и УФБ-излучений некоторых техногенных источников, а также рассчитана доза УФА- и УФБ-излучений этих источников. Установлено, что в среднем интенсивность УФА-излучения в 10 раз сильнее интенсивности УФБ-излучения. Установлено также, что в процессе сварки интенсивность испускаемого УФ-излучения зависит от интенсивности источника: при снижении интенсивности источника на 60% интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно на 20%; при увеличении расстояния от места сварки в 10 раз интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно в 25 раз. Рассчитана доза УФАи УФБ-излучений, создаваемая различными техногенными источниками. Представлено ее сравнение с минимальной эритемной дозой. Получено, что во время сварки при силе электрического тока 315 А доза УФА-излучения превышает 1 МЭД в 3000 раз, а УФБ-излучения – в 300 раз. Экспериментальными исследованиями получено, что испускаемое при сварке УФ излучение на 80% состоит из УФА-излучения и на 20% – из УФБ-излучения. В соляриуме, где был проведен эксперимент, УФ-излучение ламп состоит на 98% из УФА лучей и на 2% из УФБ лучей. Для сравнения: околоземное УФ-излучение Солнца в Литве состоит в среднем на 96% из УФА лучей и на 4% из УФБ лучей.


2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 10409-10420 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stick ◽  
K. Krüger ◽  
N. H. Schade ◽  
H. Sandmann ◽  
A. Macke

Abstract. In late May this year unusual high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation were observed in Europe. In Northern Germany the measured irradiance of erythemally effective radiation exceeded the climatological mean by more than about 20%. An extreme low ozone event for the season coincided with the high solar elevation angles during late spring leading to the highest value of erythemal UV-radiation ever observed at this location in May. This ''ozone mini-hole'' was caused by an elevation of tropopause height accompanied with a poleward advection of natural low total ozone from the tropics. The resultant increase in UV-radiation is of particular significance for human health. Dynamically induced low ozone episodes that happen around the summer solstice can considerably enhance the solar UV-radiation in the mid latitudes and therefore contribute to the UV-burden of people living in the mid latitudes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Anvar Anarbaev ◽  
Obid Tursunov ◽  
Dilshod Kodirov ◽  
Zayniddin Sharipov ◽  
Farrukh Mukhtarov

The technology of electro-processing by UV-radiation soil of agricultural plants is considered. The mechanism of the effect of UV irradiation to change by redox reactions a chemical potential of the soil is shown. As the result of experimental researches, optimum parameters for processing soils with ultraviolet radiation lamps for increasing the absorption of the most mobile manganese forms in plants are defined.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Talaiekhozani ◽  
Nilofar Torkan ◽  
Fahad Banisharif ◽  
Zeinab Eskandari ◽  
Shahabaldin Rezania ◽  
...  

This study investigated the effect of various parameters on the removal of Reactive Blue 203 dye from wastewater using ferrate(VI) oxidation process, ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation and MgO nanoparticles under batch mode. Although several studies have been carried out on dye removal, there is no study on the removal of Reactive Blue 203 dye using ferrate(VI) oxidation process, UV radiation, and MgO nanoparticles. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different factors including pH, temperature, contact time, the intensity of UV radiation and the concentration of MgO nanoparticles on Reactive Blue 203 dye removal using the above-mentioned methods. The results showed that the best pH values for dye removal using UV radiation, ferrate(VI), and MgO nanoparticles were 13, 1 and 13, respectively. The best temperature for Reactive Blue 203 dye removal using ferrate(VI) was 50°C. Hence, temperature variation had no significant effect on Reactive Blue 203 dye removal using UV irradiation and absorption by MgO nanoparticles. Based on the results, the best contact time was 15 minutes using UV radiation. The removal of Reactive Blue 203 dye using ferrate(VI) oxidation process was a quick reaction, and in a fraction of a second, the reactions were completed. The results showed that dye removal using MgO nanoparticles could be described by the Temkin isotherm. Therefore, the contact time was not considered as an effective parameter. In addition, the maximum dye removals were 95, 85 and 94% using UV irradiation, ferrate(VI) and MgO nanoparticles.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 20200391
Author(s):  
Harikumar R. Suma ◽  
Swathi Prakash ◽  
Sandeep M. Eswarappa

Naturally occurring fluorescence has been observed in multiple species ranging from bacteria to birds. In macroscopic animals such as birds, fluorescence provides a visual communication signal. However, the functional significance of this phenomenon is unknown in most cases. Though photoprotection is attributed to fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) light in some organisms, it lacks direct experimental evidence. Here, we demonstrate naturally occurring fluorescence under UV light in a eutardigrade belonging to the genus Paramacrobiotus . Using a natural variant that lacks fluorescence, we show that the fluorescence confers tolerance to lethal UV radiation. Remarkably, the fluorescent extract from Paramacrobiotus sp. could protect the UV-sensitive tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from germicidal UV radiation. We propose that Paramacrobiotus sp. possess a protective fluorescent shield that absorbs harmful UV radiation and emits harmless blue light.


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