Influence of surface chemistry on the formation of a protein corona on nanodiamonds

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 3383-3389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso E. Garcia-Bennett ◽  
Arun Everest-Dass ◽  
Irene Moroni ◽  
Ishan Das Rastogi ◽  
Lindsay M. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins

The protein corona of nanodiamonds is dominated by low molecular weight proteins and is largely independent of surface chemistry. The pre-incubation of nanodiamonds in serum and the formation of a protein corona decrease the production of reactive oxygen species, increasing the cell viability of macrophages.

A reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive low molecular weight gel co-loaded with doxorubicin and Zn(ii) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (46) ◽  
pp. 9157-9164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Xu ◽  
Mingying Zhao ◽  
Yidi Yang ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Changzhen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Species

A ROS-responsive low molecular weight hydrogel was fabricated and loaded with an anticancer drug and a photosensitizer for efficient chemo-photodynamic therapy.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gwozdzinski ◽  
Anna Pieniazek ◽  
Lukasz Gwozdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released in cells are signaling molecules but can also modify signaling proteins. Red blood cells perform a major role in maintaining the balance of the redox in the blood. The main cytosolic protein of RBC is hemoglobin (Hb), which accounts for 95-97%. Most other proteins are involved in protecting the blood cell from oxidative stress. Hemoglobin is a major factor in initiating oxidative stress within the erythrocyte. RBCs can also be damaged by exogenous oxidants. Hb autoxidation leads to the generation of a superoxide radical, of which the catalyzed or spontaneous dismutation produces hydrogen peroxide. Both oxidants induce hemichrome formation, heme degradation, and release of free iron which is a catalyst for free radical reactions. To maintain the redox balance, appropriate antioxidants are present in the cytosol, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), as well as low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and others. Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress and may be associated with overproduction of ROS and/or insufficient capacity of the antioxidant system. Oxidative stress performs a key role in CKD as evidenced by the high level of markers associated with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in vivo. In addition to the overproduction of ROS, a reduced antioxidant capacity is observed, associated with a decrease in the activity of SOD, GPx, PRDX2, and low molecular weight antioxidants. In addition, hemodialysis is accompanied by oxidative stress in which low-biocompatibility dialysis membranes activate phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils and monocytes, leading to a respiratory burst. This review shows the production of ROS under normal conditions and CKD and its impact on disease progression. Oxidative damage to red blood cells (RBCs) in CKD and their contribution to cardiovascular disease are also discussed.

scholarly journals Rehydration of the Lichen Ramalina lacera Results in Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide and a Decrease in Antioxidants

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Weissman ◽  
Jacob Garty ◽  
Ayala Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Species

ABSTRACT Lichens are slow-growing associations of fungi and unicellular green algae or cyanobacteria. They are poikilohydric organisms whose lifestyle in many cases consists of alternating periods of desiccation, with low metabolic activity, and hydration, which induces increase in their metabolism. Lichens have apparently adapted to such extreme transitions between desiccation and rehydration, but the mechanisms that govern these adaptations are still poorly understood. In this study, the effect of rehydration on the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide as well as low-molecular-weight antioxidants was investigated with the lichen Ramalina lacera. Rehydration of R. lacera resulted in the initiation of and a rapid increase in photosynthetic activity. Recovery of photosynthesis was accompanied by bursts of intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy using dichlorofluorescein fluorescence revealed that formation of reactive oxygen species following rehydration was associated with both symbiotic partners of the lichen. The rate and extent of reactive oxygen species production were similar in the light and in the dark, suggesting a minor contribution of photosynthesis. Diaminofluorescein fluorescence, indicating nitric oxide formation, was detected only in fungal hyphae. Activities associated with rehydration did not have a deleterious effect on membrane integrity as assessed by measurement of electrolyte leakage, but water-soluble low-molecular-weight antioxidants decreased significantly.

Azo and imine functionalized 2-naphthols: promising supramolecular gelators for selective detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+, reactive oxygen species and halides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1866-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Panja ◽  
Kumaresh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Oxygen Species

Azo and imine-based 2-naphthols 1–3 are established as low molecular weight supramolecular gelators. While gel of 1 in CH3CN : H2O (1 : 1, v/v) is responsive to Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions, under identical conditions gel of 2 is sensitive to Fe3+ ions involving gel-to-sol transition. Gel of 3 in DMSO : H2O (1 : 1 v/v) senses Fe3+ ions by exhibiting color change of the gel and also senses Fe2+ in presence of ROS.

scholarly journals CBIO-07. CELL DEATH INDUCED BY AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD IN PATIENT DERIVED GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS IS MEDIATED BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii17-ii17
Author(s):  
Shashank Hambarde ◽  
Martyn Sharpe ◽  
David Baskin ◽  
Santosh Helekar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Novel Therapy

Abstract Noninvasive cancer therapy with minimal side effects would be ideal for improving patient outcome in the clinic. We have developed a novel therapy using strong rotating magnets mounted on a helmet. They generate oscillating magnetic fields (OMF) that penetrate through the skull and cover the entire brain. We have demonstrated that OMF can effectively kill patient derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells in cell culture without having cytotoxic effects on cortical neurons and normal human astrocytes (NHA). Exposure of GBM cells to OMF reduced the cell viability by 33% in comparison to sham-treated cells (p< 0.001), while not affecting NHA cell viability. Time lapse video-microscopy for 16 h after OMF exposure showed a marked elevation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and rapid apoptosis of GBM cells due to activation of caspase 3. Addition of a potent antioxidant vitamin E analog Trolox effectively blocked OMF-induced GBM cell death. Furthermore, OMF significantly potentiated the cytotoxic effect of the pro-oxidant Benzylamine. The results of our studies demonstrate that OMF-induced cell death is mediated by ROS generation. These results demonstrate a potent oncolytic effect on GBM cells that is novel and unrelated to any previously described therapy, including a very different mechanism of action and different technology compared to Optune therapy. The effect is very powerful, and unlike Optune, can be seen within hours after initiation of treatment. We believe that this technology holds great promise for new, effective and nontoxic treatment of glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Metformin Protects H9C2 Cardiomyocytes from High-Glucose and Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury via Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Inflammatory Responses: Role of AMPK and JNK

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyan Hu ◽  
Ping Ye ◽  
Hua Liao ◽  
Manhua Chen ◽  
Feiyan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Hypoxia Reoxygenation

Metformin is a first-line drug for the management of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies suggested cardioprotective effects of metformin against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, it remains elusive whether metformin provides direct protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cardiomyocytes under normal or hyperglycemic conditions. This study in H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts was designed to determine cell viability under H/R and high-glucose (HG, 33 mM) conditions and the effects of cotreatment with various concentrations of metformin (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM). We further elucidated molecular mechanisms underlying metformin-induced cytoprotection, especially the possible involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). Results indicated that 5 mM metformin improved cell viability, mitochondrial integrity, and respiratory chain activity under HG and/or H/R (P<0.05). The beneficial effects were associated with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species generation and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6) (P<0.05). Metformin enhanced phosphorylation level of AMPK and suppressed HG + H/R induced JNK activation. Inhibitor of AMPK (compound C) or activator of JNK (anisomycin) abolished the cytoprotective effects of metformin. In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that metformin possessed direct cytoprotective effects against HG and H/R injury in cardiac cells via signaling mechanisms involving activation of AMPK and concomitant inhibition of JNK.

scholarly journals Comparison of Efficacies of Different Jakyakgamcho-tang Extracts on H2O2-Induced C2C12 Cell Viability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Sook Kim ◽  
Heung Joo Yuk ◽  
Dong-Seon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to muscle aging and loss of muscle tissue. Jakyakgamcho-tang has been used in traditional Eastern medicine to treat muscle pain. Here, we compared various solvent-based Jakyakgamcho-tang extracts in terms of their effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in murine C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in 30% ethanol extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang were higher than those of water extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Ethanol extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang had stronger antioxidant and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2&acute;-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging activity than water extracts of Jakyakgamcho-tang. The ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang inhibited peroxide-induced cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation more effectively than the water extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang is relatively more efficacious at protecting against oxidative stress-induced muscle cell death because it prevents reactive oxygen species generation in C2C12 cells. Moreover, the current study indicated that the effective dose of the ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang required to alleviate muscle pain might be lower than that required for Jakyakgamcho-tang.

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