PIM-1-based carbon–sulfur composites for sodium–sulfur batteries that operate without the shuttle effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3580-3585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Woo Jeon ◽  
Dong-Min Kim ◽  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Jong-Chan Lee ◽  
Yong Seok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

PIM-1-based carbon–sulfur composites, combining covalent bonds and physical confinement concepts, operate without the shuttle effect in room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries.

scholarly journals Electrocatalytic Assisted Performance Enhancement for the Na-S Battery in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanospheres Loaded with Fe

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Zhu ◽  
Amr Abdelkader ◽  
Denisa Demko ◽  
Libo Deng ◽  
Peixin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Carbon Nanospheres ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Electrocatalytic Effect ◽  
Sodium Sulfur ◽  
Fe Ions

Room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries have been considered to be potential candidates for future energy storage devices because of their low cost, abundance, and high performance. The sluggish sulfur reaction and the “shuttle effect” are among the main problems that hinder the commercial utilization of room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. In this study, the performance of a hybrid that was based on nitrogen (N)-doped carbon nanospheres loaded with a meagre amount of Fe ions (0.14 at.%) was investigated in the sodium-sulfur battery. The Fe ions accelerated the conversion of polysulfides and provided a stronger interaction with soluble polysulfides. The Fe-carbon nanospheres hybrid delivered a reversible capacity of 359 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g−1 and retained a capacity of 180 mAh·g−1 at 1 A·g−1, after 200 cycles. These results, combined with the excellent rate performance, suggest that Fe ions, even at low loading, are able to improve the electrocatalytic effect of carbon nanostructures significantly. In addition to Na-S batteries, the new hybrid is anticipated to be a strong candidate for other energy storage and conversion applications such as other metal-sulfur batteries and metal-air batteries.

scholarly journals A Mo5N6 electrocatalyst for efficient Na2S electrodeposition in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ye ◽  
Huanyu Jin ◽  
Jieqiong Shan ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Kinetics ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Band Position ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

AbstractMetal sulfides electrodeposition in sulfur cathodes mitigates the shuttle effect of polysulfides to achieve high Coulombic efficiency in secondary metal-sulfur batteries. However, fundamental understanding of metal sulfides electrodeposition and kinetics mechanism remains limited. Here using room-temperature sodium-sulfur cells as a model system, we report a Mo5N6 cathode material that enables efficient Na2S electrodeposition to achieve an initial discharge capacity of 512 mAh g−1 at a specific current of 1 675 mA g−1, and a final discharge capacity of 186 mAh g−1 after 10,000 cycles. Combined analyses from synchrotron-based spectroscopic characterizations, electrochemical kinetics measurements and density functional theory computations confirm that the high d-band position results in a low Na2S2 dissociation free energy for Mo5N6. This promotes Na2S electrodeposition, and thereby favours long-term cell cycling performance.

Sulfur-Biological Carbon for Long-Life Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jianbing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries are gaining much attention particularly in large-scale energy storage due to high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, low conductivity and volume expansion of sulfur, as well as severe shuttle effect of soluble sodium polysulfides largely hamper their practical applications. Herein, we report an architecture of sulfur embedded in biological carbon (SBC) as cathode for RT-Na/S batteries. The SBC with N, P co-doping biological carbon and hierarchically porous structure afford fast electron and ion transportation, as well as good mechanical limitation of volume expansion and shuttle effect, therefore achieving excellent cyclic stability (544.7 mAh · g–1 at current density of 200 mA · g –1 after 984 cycles).

scholarly journals Understanding Sulfur Redox Mechanisms in Different Electrolytes for Room-Temperature Na–S Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanwen Liu ◽  
Wei-Hong Lai ◽  
Qiuran Yang ◽  
Yaojie Lei ◽  
Can Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Liquid Sulfur ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Loading Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Sulfur Cathodes

Abstract This work reports influence of two different electrolytes, carbonate ester and ether electrolytes, on the sulfur redox reactions in room-temperature Na–S batteries. Two sulfur cathodes with different S loading ratio and status are investigated. A sulfur-rich composite with most sulfur dispersed on the surface of a carbon host can realize a high loading ratio (72% S). In contrast, a confined sulfur sample can encapsulate S into the pores of the carbon host with a low loading ratio (44% S). In carbonate ester electrolyte, only the sulfur trapped in porous structures is active via ‘solid–solid’ behavior during cycling. The S cathode with high surface sulfur shows poor reversible capacity because of the severe side reactions between the surface polysulfides and the carbonate ester solvents. To improve the capacity of the sulfur-rich cathode, ether electrolyte with NaNO3 additive is explored to realize a ‘solid–liquid’ sulfur redox process and confine the shuttle effect of the dissolved polysulfides. As a result, the sulfur-rich cathode achieved high reversible capacity (483 mAh g−1), corresponding to a specific energy of 362 Wh kg−1 after 200 cycles, shedding light on the use of ether electrolyte for high-loading sulfur cathode.

scholarly journals Research Progress toward Room Temperature Sodium Sulfur Batteries: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Hongyu Cheng ◽  
Zhicong Ni ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

Lithium metal batteries have achieved large-scale application, but still have limitations such as poor safety performance and high cost, and limited lithium resources limit the production of lithium batteries. The construction of these devices is also hampered by limited lithium supplies. Therefore, it is particularly important to find alternative metals for lithium replacement. Sodium has the properties of rich in content, low cost and ability to provide high voltage, which makes it an ideal substitute for lithium. Sulfur-based materials have attributes of high energy density, high theoretical specific capacity and are easily oxidized. They may be used as cathodes matched with sodium anodes to form a sodium-sulfur battery. Traditional sodium-sulfur batteries are used at a temperature of about 300 °C. In order to solve problems associated with flammability, explosiveness and energy loss caused by high-temperature use conditions, most research is now focused on the development of room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. Regardless of safety performance or energy storage performance, room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries have great potential as next-generation secondary batteries. This article summarizes the working principle and existing problems for room temperature sodium-sulfur battery, and summarizes the methods necessary to solve key scientific problems to improve the comprehensive energy storage performance of sodium-sulfur battery from four aspects: cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator.

Recent progress on the design of hollow carbon spheres to host sulfur in room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-645
Author(s):  
Jia-ying Yang ◽  
Hao-jie Han ◽  
Hlib Repich ◽  
Ri-cheng Zhi ◽  
Chang-zhen Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
Hollow Carbon ◽  
Sodium Sulfur ◽  
Hollow Carbon Spheres
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