Bromomethylation of high-surface area carbons as a versatile synthon: adjusting the electrode–electrolyte interface in lithium–sulfur batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. 20013-20025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Fretz ◽  
Christopher T. Lyons ◽  
Ella Levin ◽  
Christopher E. D. Chidsey ◽  
Anders E. C. Palmqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
Electrolyte Interface ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Bromomethylation is a mild and convenient synthetic method to modify a carbon surface that can be subsequently derivatized to form a variety of surface groups. Diamine modification yields novel materials that improve the performance of Li–S cathodes.

High Surface Area N‐Doped Carbon Fibers with Accessible Reaction Sites for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Small ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2105678
Author(s):  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Daxian Cao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Alexander Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

scholarly journals Cinnamon-Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon as an Effective Lithium Polysulfide Reservoir in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Thangavel ◽  
Aravindaraj G. Kannan ◽  
Rubha Ponraj ◽  
Karthikeyan Kaliyappan ◽  
Won-Sub Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Lithium–sulfur batteries are attractive candidates for next generation high energy applications, but more research works are needed to overcome their current challenges, namely: (a) the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur, and (b) the dissolution and migration of long-chain polysulfides. Inspired by eco-friendly and bio-derived materials, we synthesized highly porous carbon from cinnamon sticks. The bio-carbon had an ultra-high surface area and large pore volume, which serves the dual functions of making sulfur particles highly conductive and acting as a polysulfide reservoir. Sulfur was predominantly impregnated into pores of the carbon, and the inter-connected hierarchical pore structure facilitated a faster ionic transport. The strong carbon framework maintained structural integrity upon volume expansion, and the unoccupied pores served as polysulfide trapping sites, thereby retaining the polysulfide within the cathode and preventing sulfur loss. These mechanisms contributed to the superior performance of the lithium-sulfur cell, which delivered a discharge capacity of 1020 mAh g−1 at a 0.2C rate. Furthermore, the cell exhibited improved kinetics, with an excellent cycling stability for 150 cycles with a very low capacity decay of 0.10% per cycle. This strategy of combining all types of pores (micro, meso and macro) with a high pore volume and ultra-high surface area had a synergistic effect on improving the performance of the sulfur cathode.

scholarly journals Effect of Microwave Heating Conditions on the Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Waste Bamboo

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Yi Xia ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Surface

Abstract The present study reports the effect of microwave power and microwave heating time on activated carbon adsorption ability. The waste bamboo was used to preparing high surface area activated carbon via microwave heating. The bamboo was carbonized for 2 h at 600°C to be used as the raw material. According to the results, microwave power and microwave heating time had a significant impact on the activating effect. The optimal KOH/C ratio of 4 was identified when microwave power and microwave heating time were 700 W and 15 min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, surface area was estimated to be 3441 m2/g with pore volume of 2.093 ml/g and the significant proportion of activated carbon was microporous (62.3%). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were illustrated that activated carbon surface had abundant functional groups. Additionally the pore structure is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Graphene/Sulfur Nanocomposite for High Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Wu Ma ◽  
Dong Lin Zhao ◽  
Ning Na Yao ◽  
Li Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

The graphene/sulfur nanocomposite has been synthesized by heating a mixture of graphene sheets and elemental sulfur. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of graphene/sulfur nanocomposite as cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries were systematically investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and a variety of electrochemical testing techniques. The graphene/sulfur nanocomposite cathodes display a high reversible capacity of 800-1200 mAh g-1, and stable cycling for more than 100 deep cycles at 0.1 C. The graphene sheets have good conductivity and an extremely high surface area, and provide a robust electron transport network. The graphene network also accommodates the volume change of the electrode during the Li-S electrochemical reaction.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Graphite Porous Electrode Based on Coconut Shell as a Potential Cathode in Bioelectrosyntesis Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Aris Mukimin ◽  
Rustiana Yuliasni ◽  
Nur Zen ◽  
Kukuh Wicaksono ◽  
Januar Arif Fatkhurahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Cell Reactor ◽  
Materials Used

Electrodes, as well as microorganisms, are key materials for the development of bioelectrosynthesis cell reactor. Materials used as electrodes should be inert, crystalline in structure with high surface area and porous morphology, enhancing their electroactive and adsorptive properties. Carbon material derived from coconut shell was modified by simultaneous sintering-activation methods, FeCl3 and ZnCl2 were supplemented at temperature 900 °C at the non-atmospheric condition. The modified carbon was then molded with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder and the temperature was maintained at 80 °C and 10 ton of pressure. Molded carbon was then installed in bioelectrosynthesis cell with a working volume of 200 mL, as a cathode. XRD, BET, and SEM measurements showed the transformation of carbon surface from amorphous into the crystalline, increased surface area (11 times higher) and higher porosity (up to 500 nm). This cathode modification was able to increase current density up to 4 times and reduce CO2 into butyrate, 250 mg/L, in bioelectrosynthesis cell.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production through Glycerol Photoreforming on TiO2/Mesoporous Carbon: Influence of the Synthetic Method

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3800
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Escamilla ◽  
Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo ◽  
Juan Martín-Gómez ◽  
Rafael C. Estévez-Toledano ◽  
Vicente Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Water Addition

This article explores the effect of the synthetic method of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/C composites (physical mixture and the water-assisted/unassisted sol-gel method) on their photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production through glycerol photoreforming. The article demonstrates that, apart from a high surface area of carbon and the previous activation of its surface to favor titania incorporation, the appropriate control of titania formation is crucial. In this sense, even though the amount of incorporated titania was limited by the saturation of carbon surface groups (in our case, ca. 10 wt.% TiO2), the sol-gel process without water addition seemed to be the best method, ensuring the formation of small homogeneously-distributed anatase crystals on mesoporous carbon. In this way, a ca. 110-fold increase in catalyst activity compared to Evonik P25 (expressed as hydrogen micromole per grams of titania) was achieved.

Hierarchically assembled mesoporous carbon nanosheets with an ultra large pore volume for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Jinxin Guo ◽  
Yang Xia ◽  
Yongping Gan ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Large Pore ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Large Pore Volume ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Hierarchically assembled carbon nanosheets with a high surface area and an ultra large pore volume were derived by the direct carbonization of an adipic acid and zinc powder mixture. This structure enables fast ion and electron kinetics, resulting in an enhanced electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries.

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