The disruption of verM activates the production of gliocladiosin A and B in Clonostachys rogersoniana

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (28) ◽  
pp. 6782-6785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jinwei Ren ◽  
Honghua Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Pan ◽  
Xingzhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disruption Mutant

Two dipeptides (Gliocladiosin A and B) conjugated with a macrolide were identified in the verM disruption mutant of Clonostachys rogersoniana.

scholarly journals AKSF1 Isolated From the Rice-Virulent Strain Acidovorax avenae K1 Is a Novel Effector That Suppresses PAMP-Triggered Immunity in Rice

2020 ◽  
pp. MPMI-10-20-0271
Author(s):  
Takemasa Kawaguchi ◽  
Minami Nakamura ◽  
Hiroyuki Hirai ◽  
Takehito Furukawa ◽  
Machiko Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Microbial pathogens deliver effectors into plant cells to suppress plant immune responses and modulate host metabolism in order to support infection processes. We sought to determine if the Acidovorax avenae rice-virulent K1 strain can suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern–triggered immunity (PTI) induced by flagellin isolated from the rice-avirulent N1141 strain. The flagellin-triggered PTI, including H2O2 generation, callose deposition, and expression of several immune-related genes were strongly suppressed in K1 preinoculated cultured rice cells in a type III secretion system (T3SS)-dependent manner. By screening 4,562 transposon-tagged mutants based on their suppression ability, we found that 156 transposon-tagged K1 mutants lost the ability to suppress PTI induction. Mutant sequence analysis, comprehensive expression analysis using RNA sequencing, and the prediction of secretion through T3SS showed that a protein named A. avenae K1 suppression factor 1 (AKSF1) suppresses flagellin-triggered PTI in rice. Translocation of AKSF1 protein into rice cells is dependent on the T3SS during infection, an AKSF1-disruption mutant lost the ability to suppress PTI responses, and expression of AKSF1 in the AKSF1-disruption mutant complemented the suppression activity. When AKSF1-disruption mutants were inoculated into the host rice plant, reduction of the disease symptoms and suppression of bacterial growth were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AKSF1 is a novel effector that can suppress the PTI in a host rice plant. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CCO “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law.

scholarly journals Nitrite Reductase Gene Upregulated During Conidiation Is Involved in Macroconidium Formation in Fusarium oxysporum

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Iida ◽  
T. Kurata ◽  
Y. Harimoto ◽  
T. Tsuge
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
Transcription Regulator ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Mutant Strains

Fusarium oxysporum produces three kinds of asexual spores, microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamydospores. We previously found that the transcript level of the nitrite reductase gene of F. oxysporum, named FoNIIA, was markedly upregulated during conidiation compared with during vegetative growth. FoNIIA was also found to be positively regulated by Ren1 that is a transcription regulator controlling development of microconidia and macroconidia. In this study, we analyzed the function of FoNIIA in conidiation of F. oxysporum. Conidiation cultures showed markedly higher level of accumulation of FoNiiA protein as well as FoNIIA mRNA than vegetative growth cultures. FoNIIA protein was significantly decreased in cultures of the REN1 disruption mutant compared with that of the wild type. These results confirmed that FoNIIA expression is upregulated during conidiation and is positively regulated by REN1. The FoNIIA disruption mutants produced microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamydospores, which were morphologically indistinguishable from those of the wild type. The mutants, however, produced significantly fewer macroconidia than the wild type, although the wild type and mutant strains produced similar numbers of microconidia and chlamydospores. These results demonstrate that nitrite reductase is involved in quantitative control of macroconidium formation as well as nitrate utilization in F. oxysporum.

ChemInform Abstract: 7-O-Descarbamoyl-7-hydroxygeldanamycin (I), a Minor Component from the gdmN Disruption Mutant of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997.

ChemInform ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Siyang Ni ◽  
Linzhuan Wu ◽  
Hongyuan Wang ◽  
Yiguang Wang ◽  
Weiqing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
A Minor

scholarly journals Characterization of rec7, an Early Meiotic Recombination Gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Molnar ◽  
Sandro Parisi ◽  
Yoshito Kakihara ◽  
Hiroshi Nojima ◽  
Ayumu Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Functional Homolog ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract rec7 is involved in intra- and intergenic meiotic recombination in all tested regions of the genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Segregational analysis in a rec7 gene disruption mutant revealed frequent occurrence of two-spored asci. Spores giving rise to diploid colonies were shown to derive from skipping of the second meiotic division. Nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division was also frequent. The cytological structures and processes, such as formation of linear elements, pairing of homologous chromosomes, and clustering of telomeres and centromeres, are regular in the mutant. Northern blot experiments revealed meiosis-specific expression of rec7. Screening of a meiotic cDNA library also identified transcripts from the opposite strand in the rec7 region. A Rec7-GFP fusion protein was localized in the nucleus of whole cells before karyogamy, during prophase, and after meiosis I. On spreads of prophase nuclei approximately 50 foci of Rec7-GFP were counted. Some of the observed phenotypes of the disruption mutant and the N-terminal sequence homology suggest that Rec7p is a functional homolog of Rec114p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The observed phenotypes of the disruption and the appearance of Rec7-GFP in mating haploid cells and after meiosis I are consistent with Rec7p functions before, during, and after meiotic prophase.

scholarly journals Hypovirus-Responsive Transcription Factor Gene pro1 of the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica Is Required for Female Fertility, Asexual Spore Development, and Stable Maintenance of Hypovirus Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihong Sun ◽  
Gil H. Choi ◽  
Donald L. Nuss
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Stable Maintenance

ABSTRACT We report characterization of the gene encoding putative transcription factor PRO1, identified in transcriptional profiling studies as being downregulated in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica in response to infection by virulence-attenuating hypoviruses. Sequence analysis confirmed that pro1 encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA binding protein with significant sequence similarity to the pro1 gene product that controls fruiting body development in Sordaria macrospora. Targeted disruption of the C. parasitica pro1 gene resulted in two phenotypic changes that also accompany hypovirus infection, a significant reduction in asexual sporulation that could be reversed by exposure to high light intensity, and loss of female fertility. The pro1 disruption mutant, however, retained full virulence. Although hypovirus CHV1-EP713 infection was established in the pro1 disruption mutant, infected colonies continually produced virus-free sectors, suggesting that PRO1 is required for stable maintenance of hypovirus infection. These results complement the recent characterization of the hypovirus-responsive homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12 C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene, cpst12, which was shown to be required for C. parasitica female fertility and virulence.

The construction and analysis of a disruption mutant of psbH in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

1995 ◽  
pp. 2603-2606
Author(s):  
S. V. Ruffle ◽  
H. O’Connor ◽  
A. J. Cheater ◽  
S. Purton ◽  
J. H. A. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Disruption Mutant

Gene Disruption Studies of Penicillin-Binding Proteins 1a, 1b, and 2a in Streptococcus pneumoniae

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (20) ◽  
pp. 6552-6555 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnn Hoskins ◽  
Patti Matsushima ◽  
Deborah L. Mullen ◽  
Joseph Tang ◽  
Genshi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Gene Disruption ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The effects of inactivation of the genes encoding penicillin-binding protein 1a (PBP1a), PBP1b, and PBP2a inStreptococcus pneumoniae were examined. Insertional mutants did not exhibit detectable changes in growth rate or morphology, although a pbp1a pbp1b double-disruption mutant grew more slowly than its parent did. Attempts to generate a pbp1a pbp2a double-disruption mutant failed. The pbp2amutants, but not the other mutants, were more sensitive to moenomycin, a transglycosylase inhibitor. These observations suggest that individually the pbp1a, pbp1b, andpbp2a genes are dispensable but that eitherpbp1a or pbp2a is required for growth in vitro. These results also suggest that PBP2a is a functional transglycosylase in S. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Disruption of the Reductive 1,3-Propanediol Pathway Triggers Production of 1,2-Propanediol for Sustained Glycerol Fermentation by Clostridium pasteurianum

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (17) ◽  
pp. 5375-5388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Pyne ◽  
Stanislav Sokolenko ◽  
Xuejia Liu ◽  
Kajan Srirangan ◽  
Mark R. Bruder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Clostridium Pasteurianum ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glycerol Fermentation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Glycerol Utilization

ABSTRACTCrude glycerol, the major by-product of biodiesel production, is an attractive bioprocessing feedstock owing to its abundance, low cost, and high degree of reduction. In line with the advent of the biodiesel industry,Clostridium pasteurianumhas gained prominence as a result of its unique capacity to convert waste glycerol inton-butanol, a high-energy biofuel. However, no efforts have been directed at abolishing the production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), the chief competing product ofC. pasteurianumglycerol fermentation. Here, we report rational metabolic engineering ofC. pasteurianumfor enhancedn-butanol production through inactivation of the gene encoding 1,3-PDO dehydrogenase (dhaT). In spite of current models of anaerobic glycerol dissimilation, culture growth and glycerol utilization were unaffected in thedhaTdisruption mutant (dhaT::Ll.LtrB). Metabolite characterization of thedhaT::Ll.LtrB mutant revealed an 83% decrease in 1,3-PDO production, encompassing the lowestC. pasteurianum1,3-PDO titer reported to date (0.58 g liter−1). With 1,3-PDO formation nearly abolished, glycerol was converted almost exclusively ton-butanol (8.6 g liter−1), yielding a highn-butanol selectivity of 0.83 gn-butanol g−1of solvents compared to 0.51 gn-butanol g−1of solvents for the wild-type strain. Unexpectedly, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis ofdhaT::Ll.LtrB mutant culture supernatants identified a metabolite peak consistent with 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO), which was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on these findings, we propose a new model for glycerol dissimilation byC. pasteurianum, whereby the production of 1,3-PDO by the wild-type strain and low levels of both 1,3-PDO and 1,2-PDO by the engineered mutant balance the reducing equivalents generated during cell mass synthesis from glycerol.IMPORTANCEOrganisms from the genusClostridiumare perhaps the most notable native cellular factories, owing to their vast substrate utilization range and equally diverse variety of metabolites produced. The ability ofC. pasteurianumto sustain redox balance and glycerol fermentation despite inactivation of the 1,3-PDO pathway is a testament to the exceptional metabolic flexibility exhibited by clostridia. Moreover, identification of a previously unknown 1,2-PDO-formation pathway, as detailed herein, provides a deeper understanding of fermentative glycerol utilization in clostridia and will inform future metabolic engineering endeavors involvingC. pasteurianum. To our knowledge, theC. pasteurianum dhaTdisruption mutant derived in this study is the only organism that produces both 1,2- and 1,3-PDOs. Most importantly, the engineered strain provides an excellent platform for highly selective production ofn-butanol from waste glycerol.

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