The classical JMAK equation was modified by combination with distribution density of the rate parameter k, which was deduced from a normal distribution of local strain. The modified equation is able to calculate the JMAK plots and the average Avrami exponent to characterize the entire heterogeneous recrystallization process. This new extension can successfully describe the relevant experimental observations, such as a smaller exponent than the basic JMAK theory predicts, and a decreasing slope of JMAK plots with the proceeding recrystallization. Moreover, it reveals that the Avrami exponent observed experimentally should significantly decrease with the increasing standard deviation of local strain distribution. In addition, it has a great potential to explain why most of experimentally observed values of Avrami exponents are less than 2 and why the Avrami exponent is insensitive to temperature and deformation conditions when the real standard deviation of local strain distribution in deformed metals is known.
Analysis of Physical Properties of Paper by Interference Holography (II) Visualization of local strain distribution of paper sheets through tensile testing process.