Dynamics of carbohydrate strands in water and interactions with clay minerals: influence of pH, surface chemistry, and electrolytes

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11183-11194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Jamil ◽  
Jacob R. Gissinger ◽  
Amanda Garley ◽  
Nabanita Saikia ◽  
Arun K. Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Interaction Mechanisms ◽  
Clay Platelets ◽  
Influence Of Ph

We describe the dynamics of gellan strands in solution, the interaction mechanisms with clay platelets of different composition, and design principles to tune the attraction.

scholarly journals Probing the nanoscale architecture of clay minerals

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Reporter Group

AbstractIn recent years, experimental and theoretical methods have provided new insights into the size, shape, reactivity, and stability of clay minerals. Although diverse and complex, the surface chemistry of all clay minerals is defined spatially on a common scale of nanometres. This review is organized around the nanoscale architecture of clay minerals examined at several different length scales. The first, and perhaps most important, is the length scale associated with Hbonding in clay minerals. Hbonding interactions define the size and shape of 1:1 phyllosilicates and dominate the surface chemistry of many clay minerals. Structural and surface OHgroups contained within and on the surface of clay minerals provide a type of ‘molecular reporter group’ and are sensitive to subtle changes in their local environment. Examples of OH-reporter group studies in clay minerals, and the spatial scales at which they provide diagnostic information, are examined. The second length scale considered here is that associated with clay–water and clay–organic interactions. Inorganic and organic solutes can be used to explore the surface chemistry of clay minerals. Similar to the use of reporter groups, molecular probes have diagnostic properties that are sensitive to changes in their molecular environment. Clay–water interactions occur at a length scale that extends from the size of the H2O molecule (~0.3 nm) to the larger scales associated with clay-swelling (>10 nm). Similarly, clay–organic interactions are also defined, in part, on the basis of their molecular size, in addition to the type of chemical bonding interactions that take place between the organic solute and the clay surface. Examples illustrating the use of clay–water and clay–organic solute interactions as molecular probes are presented. The largest scale to be considered is that of the particles themselves, with scales that approach micrometres. Recent developments in the synthesis and characterization of ultrathin hybrid films of clay minerals provide complementary information about the nature and distribution of active sites on clay minerals, as well as providing new opportunities to exploit the surface chemistry of clay minerals in the design of functional materials.

Mussel-inspired hydrogels: from design principles to promising applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 3605-3637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Baiheng Wu ◽  
Yongsen Zhou ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Weimin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Interaction Mechanisms

This review presents the recent progress of mussel-inspired hydrogels from fundamental interaction mechanisms and design principles to promising applications.

The impact of structural Fe(III) reduction by bacteria on the surface chemistry of smectite clay minerals

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (22) ◽  
pp. 3705-3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel E. Kostka ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Kenneth H. Nealson ◽  
Joseph W. Stucki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Smectite Clay ◽  
The Impact

The Surface Chemistry of Clay Minerals

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-301
Author(s):  
Patrick V. Brady ◽  
James L. Krumhansl
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Clay Minerals

scholarly journals Tailoring the Radionuclide Encapsulation and Surface Chemistry of La(223Ra)VO4 Nanoparticles for Targeted Alpha Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Miguel Toro-González ◽  
Allison Peacock ◽  
Andrew Miskowiec ◽  
David A. Cullen ◽  
Roy Copping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Targeted Alpha Therapy ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Alpha Therapy ◽  
Target Effects

The development of targeted alpha therapy (TAT) as a viable cancer treatment requires innovative solutions to challenges associated with radionuclide retention to enhance local tumor cytotoxicity and to minimize off-target effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) with high encapsulation and high retention of radionuclides have shown potential in overcoming these issues. This article shows the influence of pH on the structure of lanthanum vanadate (LaVO4) NPs and its impact on the radiochemical yield of 223Ra and subsequent retention of its decay daughters, 211Pb and 211Bi. An acidic pH (4.9) results in a high fraction of La(223Ra)VO4 NPs with tetragonal structure (44.6–66.1%) and a 223Ra radiochemical yield <40%. Adjusting the pH to 11 yields >80% of La(223Ra)VO4 NPs with monoclinic structure and increases the 223Ra radiochemical yield >85%. The leakage of decay daughters from La(223Ra)VO4 NPs (pH 11) was <5% and <0.5% when exposed to deionized water and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. Altering the surface chemistry of La(223Ra)VO4 NPs with carboxylate and phosphate compounds resulted in a threefold decrease in hydrodynamic diameter and a 223Ra radiochemical yield between 74.7% and 99.6%. These results show the importance of tailoring the synthesis parameters and surface chemistry of LaVO4 NPs to obtain high encapsulation and retention of radionuclides.

The elastic properties and anisotropy of artificial compacted clay samples

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. MR1-MR15
Author(s):  
Fei Gong ◽  
Bangrang Di ◽  
Lianbo Zeng ◽  
Jianxin Wei ◽  
Jiwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Transverse Isotropy ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Porosity Reduction ◽  
Clay Platelets ◽  
Compaction Stress

Clay minerals are a major component of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks, and they are known to play important roles in the physical and elastic properties of rocks. However, it is difficult to directly measure these properties of single-crystal clays due to their small particle size. Therefore, we have constructed three sets of artificial clay samples with different compaction stresses to investigate the effect of the compaction stress and clay mineralogy on their elastic properties and anisotropy. All of the dry samples are measured by the pulse-transmission method. The results indicate that the compaction stress and clay mineralogy have a significant influence on the physical and elastic properties of the clay samples. The microstructures of clay samples indicate that the clay platelets are aligned almost perpendicularly to the direction of compaction stress, and the ultrasonic velocity analysis validates the assumption of transverse isotropy of our clay samples. The velocities increase with the compaction stress, especially at low stress, which corresponds to the rapid porosity reduction at low stress levels. Velocity anisotropy parameters increase with increasing of compaction stress due to the increase of texture sharpness for clay minerals during the compaction process. The elastic moduli of the clay samples display a significant stress sensitivity and a strong directional dependence, with the Young’s moduli increasing and the Poisson’s ratios decreasing with the compaction stress. A simple theoretical template is used to quantify the orientation distribution functions (ODFs) of clay platelets, and the generalized Legendre coefficients of ODF increase with the increase of compaction stress, especially at low stress. Further, the compressional-wave (P-wave) and shear-wave anisotropy increase with the ODF coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], especially P-wave anisotropy.

Influence of pH and Surface Chemistry on Poly(l-lysine) Adsorption onto Solid Supports Investigated by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (33) ◽  
pp. 10554-10565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyeok Choi ◽  
Seong-Oh Kim ◽  
Eric Linardy ◽  
Erik C. Dreaden ◽  
Vladimir P. Zhdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Solid Supports ◽  
Influence Of Ph

scholarly journals Surface Chemistry of Halloysite Nanotubes. As investigated by adsorption reactions and imaging analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nia B. Gray-Wannell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Interlayer Water ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Interest in halloysite clay minerals has increased steadily over the last 20+ years, in part, due to their nanotubular shape and size, high aspect ratio and potential technological applications (Churchman et al., 2016). Throughout this thesis the surface chemistry of halloysite nanotubes is investigated by employing several analytical and advanced microscopy techniques to obtain a greater understanding of their internal and external surface features and surface adsorption reactions. This multifaceted analysis approach investigates a range of tubular halloysites of two morphologies, cylindrical and polygonal prismatic, where comparison of the two forms a framework for the presentation and discussion of the results. The results presented in Chapter 3 demonstrate the phosphate adsorption capacity of halloysite nanotubes is influenced by pH and maximum adsorptions of 1.3 mg/g and 0.5 mg/g were obtained for the cylindrical and polygonal prismatic morphologies respectively. Use of advanced microscopy techniques in Chapter 4 showed the external surface of the polygonal prismatic nanotubes have multiple steps and edges, which may act as additional adsorption sites, as has been shown for other clay minerals (Siretanu et al., 2016). In addition, use of cross-section transmission electron microscopy provided evidence of the link between the two morphologies, where the cylindrical nanotubes appear to be the template from which the larger polygonal prismatic nanotubes grow, as previously postulated by Hillier et al. (2016). In further novel work (Chapter 5), gold nanotags have been functionalised with a variety of anionic and neutral terminated linkers and used as nanoscale probes to study adsorption to the surface of halloysite nanotubes Here, transmission electron microscopy proved that the adsorption occurred primarily on the nanotube inner lumen and edges. The final technical chapter, Chapter 6, focuses on the structure and dynamics of interlayer water in halloysite through the use of neutron scattering techniques, where the initial results demonstrated that the interlayer water appears to move via both rotations and translations within the interlayer. The research presented ascertains that the surfaces of the halloysite nanotubes are more complex than often depicted for technological applications and that the specific tubular morphology is important in the functionality and behaviour of the nanotubes. This fundamental work contributes towards optimisation of halloysite nanotubes for technological applications.

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