Naturally occurring [4 + 2] type terpenoid dimers: sources, bioactivities and total syntheses

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1627-1660
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Shaomin Fu ◽  
Chengying Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Total Syntheses ◽  
Naturally Occurring

This review article highlights recent progress on their sources, bioactivities, biosynthetic hypotheses and total chemical syntheses of naturally occurring [4 + 2] type terpenoid dimers.

The Modification and Design of Antimicrobial Peptide

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidan Gao ◽  
Hengtong Fang ◽  
Lu Fang ◽  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Jinsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Biochemical Modification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Application Prospects

The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of unique naturally occurring anti-microbial compounds with around 50 amino acids. It represents promising therapeutic agents to the infectious disease without concerning about drug resistance. However, commercial development of these peptides for even the simplest application has been hindered by the limitations of sources, instability, toxicity and bioavailability. To improve the properties of the artificial synthesized AMPs, the modification and design are the hotspots of the AMPs research. In fact, more than half of the known AMPs are naturally modified. In this review, two types of modification strategies, biochemical modification and chemical modification were summarized. Although, the chemical modification is versatile and direct, the manufacturing cost is greatly increased compared to the antibiotics. With the recent progress of the protein modification enzyme, the biochemical modification of the antimicrobial peptide followed by heterologous expression has great application prospects.

Electrolytes for advanced lithium ion batteries using silicon-based anodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 9432-9446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Xu ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hongping Li ◽  
Yanna Nuli ◽  
Jiulin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Silicon Based

Recent progress in electrolytes from the liquid to the solid state for Si-based anodes is comprehensively summarized in this review article.

scholarly journals Myco-Biocontrol of Insect Pests: Factors Involved, Mechanism, and Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardul Singh Sandhu ◽  
Anil K. Sharma ◽  
Vikas Beniwal ◽  
Gunjan Goel ◽  
Priya Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The growing demand for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and increased resistance to insecticides have provided great impetus to the development of alternative forms of insect-pest control. Myco-biocontrol offers an attractive alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. Myco-biocontrol agents are naturally occurring organisms which are perceived as less damaging to the environment. Their mode of action appears little complex which makes it highly unlikely that resistance could be developed to a biopesticide. Past research has shown some promise of the use of fungi as a selective pesticide. The current paper updates us about the recent progress in the field of myco-biocontrol of insect pests and their possible mechanism of action to further enhance our understanding about the biological control of insect pests.

scholarly journals Oxazolidinones as Chiral Auxiliaries in the Asymmetric 1,4-Conjugate Addition Reaction Applied to the Total Synthesis of Natural Products: A Supplemental Mini-Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Zadsirjan ◽  
Majid M. Heravi
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conjugate Addition ◽  
Chiral Auxiliary ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Chiral Auxiliaries ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Total Syntheses ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range

Background: The most frequently used chiral auxiliaries, oxazolidinones (Evans' oxazolidinones) have been employed in 1,4-congugate addition reactions to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Supplementary to our previous reports in this mini-review, we attempted to underscore the applications of this strategy in a step (steps) in the total synthesis of some naturally occurring compounds exhibiting diverse biological activities. Objective: In this mini-review, we try to underscore the applications of oxazolidinones (Evans’ oxazolidinones) in 1,4-congugate addition reactions to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl in the total synthesis of some naturally occurring compounds exhibiting diverse biological activities. Conclusion: In spite of well-known superiority of asymmetric catalyzed reactions, the use of auxiliarycontrolled reactions are still considered as commanding, vital and sometimes as only tools in the generation of stereogenic centers during the construction of complex molecules and total synthesis of naturally occurring compounds. The commercial availability, or readily accessibility of a wide variety of chiral amino alcohols as starting materials to synthesize a wide range of oxazolidinones is the merits of them. In addition, the ease of removal and subjection to various and diverse stereoselective reactions make oxazolidinones as the ideal and superior chiral auxiliaries. In this regard, they were successfully used in asymmetric 1,4-conjugate addition reactions with high stereoselectivities. The high degree of asymmetric induction can be attributed to the rigid chelation of N-acyloxazolidinones with metal ions, as well as the covering of one face of the system by the bulkiness of 4-substituent. In summary, in this report, the importance of the applications of chiral oxazolidinones as suitable chiral auxiliaries in the stereoselective, 1,4-conjugate addition reactions in asymmetric synthesis and in particular, the total synthesis of naturally occurring compounds and some complex molecules were underscored. Noticeably, in these total syntheses, this chiral auxiliary is controlling the stereochemistry of a newly created stereogenic center as well as preserving the configuration of other chiral centers, which already have been presented in the precursor. General methods have been established for the attachment of the chiral auxiliary as a moiety to the substrate molecule in high to excellent yields. At the end of these reactions, this auxiliary can be easily removed leaving various desired reactive motifs for the next step in multi-step synthesis.

scholarly journals Surgical Aspects of Corpus Callosotomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Takehiro Uda ◽  
Noritsugu Kunihiro ◽  
Ryoko Umaba ◽  
Saya Koh ◽  
Toshiyuki Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Corpus Callosotomy ◽  
Drop Attacks ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Surgical Aspects ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Brain

Corpus callosotomy (CC) is one of the options in epilepsy surgeries to palliate patient seizures, and is typically applied for drop attacks. The mechanisms of seizure palliation involve disrupting the propagation of epileptic activity to the contralateral side of the brain. This review article focuses on the surgical aspects of CC. As a variations of CC, anterior two-thirds, posterior one-third, and total callosotomy are described with intraoperative photographs. As less-invasive surgical variations, recent progress in endoscopic CC, and CC without craniotomy, is described. CC remains acceptable under the low prevalence of complications, and surgeons should make the maximum effort to minimize the complication rate.

scholarly journals Total Syntheses of Pladienolide-Derived Spliceosome Modulators

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5938
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Sim ◽  
Eunbin Jang ◽  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
Hongjun Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trials ◽  
Total Syntheses ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

Pladienolides, an emerging class of naturally occurring spliceosome modulators, exhibit interesting structural features, such as highly substituted 12-membered macrocycles and epoxide-containing diene side chains. The potential of pladienolides as anti-cancer agents is confirmed by H3B-8800, a synthetic analog of this natural product class, which is currently under Phase I clinical trials. Since its isolation in 2004 and the first total synthesis in 2007, a dozen total syntheses and synthetic approaches toward the pladienolide class have been reported to date. This review focuses on the eight completed total syntheses of naturally occurring pladienolides or their synthetic analogs, in addition to a synthetic approach to the main framework of the natural product.

scholarly journals Recent progress regarding the bioactivities, biosynthesis and synthesis of naturally occurring resorcinolic macrolides

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Cheng-shi Jiang ◽  
Zai-long Zhang ◽  
Wen-quan Ma ◽  
Yue-wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Recent progress in dynamic covalent chemistries for liquid crystal elastomers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 6610-6623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijian Wang ◽  
Shengqiang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers

This review article discusses the recent progress in designing, synthesizing and programming liquid crystal elastomers with different dynamic covalent bonds.

Aryne-based strategy in the total synthesis of naturally occurring polycyclic compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (21) ◽  
pp. 8030-8056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takikawa ◽  
Arata Nishii ◽  
Takahiro Sakai ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds ◽  
Total Syntheses ◽  
Naturally Occurring

This review has outlined the strategies and tactics of using arynes in the total syntheses of polycyclic natural products.

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