scholarly journals Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: investigating nonlinear response observed in pulse counting mode and extending the linear dynamic range by compensating for dead time related count losses on a microsecond timescale

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Pulse Counting ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Sampling of the pulse-counting signal with μs time-resolution provided a functional compensation for dead-time related count losses in spICP-MS, ultimately improving the linear dynamic range by one order of magnitude towards higher count rates.

Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Investigating Nonlinear Response Observed in Pulse Counting Mode and Extending the Linear Dynamic Range by Compensating for Dead Time Related Count Losses on a Microsecond Timescale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p>The article demonstrates the importance of using a suitable approach to compensate for dead time relate count losses (a certain measurement artefact) whenever short, but potentially strong transient signals are to be analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings strongly support the theory that inadequate time resolution, and therefore insufficient compensation for these count losses, is one of the main reasons for size underestimation observed when analysing inorganic nanoparticles using ICP-MS, a topic still controversially discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Investigating Nonlinear Response Observed in Pulse Counting Mode and Extending the Linear Dynamic Range by Compensating for Dead Time Related Count Losses on a Microsecond Timescale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p>The article demonstrates the importance of using a suitable approach to compensate for dead time relate count losses (a certain measurement artefact) whenever short, but potentially strong transient signals are to be analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings strongly support the theory that inadequate time resolution, and therefore insufficient compensation for these count losses, is one of the main reasons for size underestimation observed when analysing inorganic nanoparticles using ICP-MS, a topic still controversially discussed.</p>

Mg diffusion in forsterite from 1250–1600 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Jollands ◽  
Irina Zhukova ◽  
Hugh St.C. O'Neill ◽  
Jörg Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tracer Diffusion ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tracer Diffusion Coefficients

Abstract 26Mg tracer diffusion coefficients were determined in single crystals of pure synthetic forsterite (Mg2SiO4). Isotopically enriched powder sources both acted as the 26Mg source and buffered the activities of silica (aSiO2) at forsterite + protoenstatite (Mg2Si2O6) (high aSiO2) and forsterite + periclase (MgO) (low aSiO2). Experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure between 1250 and 1600 °C, and at oxygen fugacities (fO2s) between 10–12 bars (CO-CO2 mix) and 10–0.7 bars (air). The resulting diffusion profiles were measured along the three principal crystallographic axes (a, b, and c; ||[100], ||[010], ||[001]) using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. These measurements were corroborated by ion microprobe using the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) instrument. Mg tracer diffusion is anisotropic, with D[001] &gt; D[010] &gt; D[100], the difference in diffusion coefficients varying by about one order of magnitude at a given temperature with crystallographic orientation. Diffusion is faster in protoenstatite-buffered than periclase-buffered conditions, again with around one order of magnitude difference in diffusivity between buffering conditions. There is no apparent effect of fO2 on diffusion. A global fit to all data, including data from Chakraborty et al. (1994) and Morioka (1981) yields the relationship: log 10 D = log 10 D 0 ( m 2 s - 1 ) + 0 . 61 ( ± 0 . 03 ) log 10 a SiO 2 + - 359 ( ± 10 ) kJ / mol 2 . 303 R T where log10D0 is –3.15 (±0.08), –3.61 (±0.02), and –4.01 (± 0.05) m2 s–1 for the [001], [010], and [100] directions, respectively (1 s.d.). The LA-ICP-MS technique reproduces diffusion coefficients determined by SHRIMP-RG, albeit with slightly different absolute values of isotope ratios. This shows that LA-ICPMS, which is both accessible and rapid, is a robust analytical method for such tracer diffusion studies.

Alteration and dissolution of Na-montmorillonite in simulated groundwaters

2012 ◽  
Vol 1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Myllykylä ◽  
M. Tanhua-Tyrkkö ◽  
A. Bouchet
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Fresh Waters ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACTThis study aims at gaining a better understanding of the behaviour of montmorillonite in contact with different ground waters; alteration of montmorillonite and possible formation of secondary minerals. Batch experiments were conducted with purified Swy-2 montmorillonite in simulated fresh (I=0.05 M, pH 8) and saline (I=0.1 M, pH 11) waters at 25 and 60ºC in anaerobic (Ar(g)) conditions. The concentrations of Al, Fe; Mg and Si were analysed from ultra-filtered solution samples with HR-ICP-MS (High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). The amount of released Si depended strongly on the experimental conditions. The Si concentrations at 60oC in the saline and fresh waters showed a difference greater than an order of magnitude. The initial purified montmorillonite and the solid materials from experiments were analysed with XRD. The analysis indicated that the nature of smectite did not change, but the experimental conditions, more or less, modified the structure of montmorillonite, e.g., in fresh waters the XRD spectra showed peaks typical of mixed layer minerals, which can refer to the presence of either randomly ordered illite/smectite or randomly ordered collapsed smectite/ hydrated smectite layers. The dissolution of montmorillonite was studied also by modelling with TOUGHREACT. The experimental and modelled results were compared revealing a need to develop the model e.g. in respect of the evolution of pH.

Dependence of detector dead time on analyte mass number in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Vanhaecke ◽  
G�nther de Wannemacker ◽  
Luc Moens ◽  
Richard Dams ◽  
Christopher Latkoczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Collection Efficiencies between Submicron Aerosols and Cloud Droplets

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ladino ◽  
Olaf Stetzer ◽  
Bodo Hattendorf ◽  
Detlef Günther ◽  
Betty Croft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Cloud Droplets ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Values

Abstract Collection efficiency E experiments for aerosol particles scavenged by cloud droplets were carried out in the newly built Collision Ice Nucleation Chamber (CLINCH). Pure water droplets having radii between 12.8 and 20.0 μm were allowed to fall freely and to collide in a laminar flow with lithium metaborate particles having radii between 0.05 and 0.33 μm. At the bottom of the chamber, the droplets and the particles captured were collected using a cup impactor. The collected solution was analyzed for the scavenged aerosol mass by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Evaporation of droplets was taken into account since the relative humidity inside the chamber was below 100%, resulting in final theoretical droplet sizes between 4.2 and 17.6 μm. The resulting experimental measurements were compared with theoretical values to see their correlation. The authors found an experimental trend similar to theory, as well as the “Greenfield gap” at the particle radius of 0.24 μm (E = 0.038) for the smallest cloud droplet size investigated in this study. The experimental values of collection efficiency found herein agree with those from theory within one order of magnitude, similar to previous studies reported in the literature.

Reduced-Pressure Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Nonmetallic Elements

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Yan ◽  
Tomokazu Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sampling Orifice ◽  
High Ionization ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A reduced-pressure argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is interfaced to a mass spectrometer to evaluate its possibility of increasing the sensitivity of nonmetallic elements. An electrostatically shielded water-cooled torch is used for the investigation of the secondary discharge at the sampling orifice. Iodine vapor is continuously introduced into the torch as an analyte by using a peristaltic pump. The effects of plasma operating parameters such as gas flow rate, pressure, and power on the intensities of background and iodine ions are studied. It is shown that when the pressure is less than about 30 Torr, an intensive secondary discharge occurs at the sampling orifice if the torch shield is not grounded. The background ion intensity and secondary discharge effect decrease with increasing pressure. The pressure in the torch has an important effect on both polyatomic and analyte intensities. At about 130 Torr of torch pressure, the iodine signal is more than one order of magnitude higher than that obtained at atmospheric pressure, which suggests that low-pressure ICP provides a sensitive ion source for the elements with high ionization potential.

scholarly journals New limits on double-beta decay of $$^{190}$$Pt and $$^{198}$$Pt

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Danevich ◽  
M. Hult ◽  
A. Junghans ◽  
D. V. Kasperovych ◽  
B. N. Kropivyansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Excited Level ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Hpge Detectors ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
First Time

AbstractA search for double-beta decay of $$^{190}$$ 190 Pt and $$^{198}$$ 198 Pt with emission of $$\gamma $$ γ -ray quanta was realized at the HADES underground laboratory with a 148 g platinum sample measured by two ultralow-background HPGe detectors over 8946 h. The isotopic composition of the platinum sample has been measured with high precision using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. New lower limits for the half-lives of $$^{190}$$ 190 Pt relative to different channels and modes of the decays were set on the level of $$\lim T_{1/2}\sim 10^{14}$$ lim T 1 / 2 ∼ 10 14 –$$10^{16}$$ 10 16 year. A possible exact resonant $$0\nu KN$$ 0 ν K N transition to the 1,2 1326.9 keV level of $$^{190}$$ 190 Os is limited for the first time as $$T_{1/2} \ge 2.5 \times 10^{16}$$ T 1 / 2 ≥ 2.5 × 10 16 year. A new lower limit on the double-beta decay of $$^{198}$$ 198 Pt to the first excited level of $$^{198}$$ 198 Hg was set as $$T_{1/2} \ge 3.2\times 10^{19}$$ T 1 / 2 ≥ 3.2 × 10 19 year, one order of magnitude higher than the limit obtained in the previous experiment.

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