scholarly journals Comprehensive screening of quaternary ammonium surfactants and ionic liquids in wastewater effluents and lake sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah G. Pati ◽  
William A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Quaternary ammonium compounds were found at substantial levels in wastewater effluents and sediment samples with wastewater treatment practices and usage rates determining their environmental prevalence.

scholarly journals Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Biocides: From Simple Antiseptics to Tunable Antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6793
Author(s):  
Anatoly N. Vereshchagin ◽  
Nikita A. Frolov ◽  
Ksenia S. Egorova ◽  
Marina M. Seitkalieva ◽  
Valentine P. Ananikov
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) belong to a well-known class of cationic biocides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. They are used as essential components in surfactants, personal hygiene products, cosmetics, softeners, dyes, biological dyes, antiseptics, and disinfectants. Simple but varied in their structure, QACs are divided into several subclasses: Mono-, bis-, multi-, and poly-derivatives. Since the beginning of the 20th century, a significant amount of work has been dedicated to the advancement of this class of biocides. Thus, more than 700 articles on QACs were published only in 2020, according to the modern literature. The structural variability and diverse biological activity of ionic liquids (ILs) make them highly prospective for developing new types of biocides. QACs and ILs bear a common key element in the molecular structure–quaternary positively charged nitrogen atoms within a cyclic or acyclic structural framework. The state-of-the-art research level and paramount demand in modern society recall the rapid development of a new generation of tunable antimicrobials. This review focuses on the main QACs exhibiting antimicrobial and antifungal properties, commercial products based on QACs, and the latest discoveries in QACs and ILs connected with biocide development.

scholarly journals Application of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Compatibilizers for Polymer Blends and Polymer Composites—A Concise Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3167
Author(s):  
Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri ◽  
Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

A wide variety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have escalated the attraction of researchers to explore the application of QACs. The compounds have frequently been synthesized through alkylation or quaternization of tertiary amines with alkyl halides. Recently, QACs have been applied to compatibilize polymer blends and polymer composites in improving their thermo-mechanical properties. This concise review concentrates on the application of two types of QACs as compatibilizers for polymer blends and polymer composites. The types of QACs that were effectively applied in the blends and composites are quaternary ammonium surfactants (QASs) and quaternary ammonium ionic liquids (QAILs). They have been chosen for the discussion because of their unique chemical structure which can interact with the polymer blend and composite components. The influence of QASs and QAILs on the thermo-mechanical properties of the polymer blends and polymer composites is also described. This review could be helpful for the polymer blend and polymer composite researchers and induce more novel ideas in this research area.

Determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in food products by the method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass-spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
V. G. Amelin ◽  
D. S. Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Resolution Mass

The goal of the study is developing a methodology for determination of the residual amounts of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) in food products by UHPLC/high-resolution mass spectrometry after water-acetonitrile extraction of the determined components from the analyzed samples. The identification and determination of QAC was carried out on an «UltiMate 3000» ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph (Thermo Scientific, USA) equipped with a «maXis 4G» high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector and an ion spray «ionBooster» source (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Samples of milk, cheese (upper cortical layer), dumplings, pork, chicken skin and ground beef were used as working samples. Optimal conditions are specified for chromatographic separation of the mixture of five QAC, two of them being a mixture of homologues with a linear structure (including isomeric forms). The identification of QAC is carried out by the retention time, exact mass of the ions, and coincidence of the mSigma isotopic distribution. The limits for QAC detection are 0.1 – 0.5 ng/ml, the determination limits are 1 ng/ml for aqueous standard solutions. The determinable content of QAC in food products ranges within 1 – 100 ng/g. The results of analysis revealed the residual amount of QAC present in all samples, which confirms data of numerous sources of information about active use of QAC-based disinfectants in the meat and dairy industry. The correctness of the obtained results is verified by introduction of the additives in food products at a level of 10 ng/g for each QAC. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.18. The duration of the analysis is 30 – 40 min.

scholarly journals From antimicrobial activity to mechanism of resistance: the multifaceted role of simple quaternary ammonium compounds in bacterial eradication

Tetrahedron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (25) ◽  
pp. 3559-3566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P.C. Minbiole ◽  
Megan C. Jennings ◽  
Laura E. Ator ◽  
Jacob W. Black ◽  
Melissa C. Grenier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Eradication ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Ammonium Compounds
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