A perspective on the role of fugacity and activity for evaluating the PBT properties of organic chemicals and providing a multi-media synoptic indicator of environmental contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Mackay ◽  
Alena K. D. Celsie ◽  
J. Mark Parnis ◽  
Jon A. Arnot
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Toxicity Criteria

We present a perspective on how models based on the equilibrium criteria of fugacity and chemical activity can contribute to evaluation of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity criteria.

The Multi-media Museum: The 1960s–70s

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Elisa Mandelli
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter discusses the spreading of film projections and other multi-media and interactive devices in museum galleries in the 1960s–70s, due to the advent of video and technological innovations that rendered these machines more easily available, as well as to the growing importance accorded to the visual design of exhibitions. The chapter also focuses on the curatorial debate about several key issues. It addresses the relationships between museums and their visitors, and the role of multi-media in shaping their interactions. The chapter analyses a seminar held in 1967 by Marshal McLuhan and Harley Parker. In this meeting with museum professionals, the famous communication theorist discussed emerging trends in the communication strategies of museums, which included the role of audio-visual and multi-media devices.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of salmonella in calves: the role of markets and vehicles

1991 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wray ◽  
N. Todd ◽  
I. M. McLaren ◽  
Y. E. Beedell
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Marketing Chain

SUMMARYEnvironmental contamination has been shown to be an important aspect of the epidemiology of salmonellosis in calves. Markets and transport vehicles are important links in the calf marketing chain and these were investigated to determine the level of salmonella contamination.Salmonellas were isolated from 7 of the 14 markets surveyed, with 31 of 838 samples (3.7%) being positive. Nine different salmonella serotypes, of which the commonest was Salmonella typhimurium, were isolated. Four different phage types of S. typhimurium were detected, the commonest being DT204C.Salmonellas were isolated from 22 of the 107 vehicles (20.6%) examined before washing and from 4 of the 62 vehicles (6.5%) examined after cleaning. Twelve different salmonella serotypes were isolated, of which the most frequent was S. typhimurium. The commonest of the six different S. typhimurium phage types was DT204C.These results indicate that improved cleaning and disinfection routines both for vehicles and markets are necessary to control salmonellosis in calves.

Cadmium accumulation, distribution and metabolism in the gastropodLittorina littorea: the role of metal-binding proteins

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Langston ◽  
Mingjiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Marine Molluscs ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
High Degree

Cadmium, and its compounds, has been placed on the blacklists of most international pollution conventions by virtue of its toxicity, potential for bioaccumulation and persistence (Taylor, 1983).The ability of many marine molluscs, and in particular gastropods, to accumulate Cd to a high degree in apparently unregulated fashion has led to their frequent use in monitoring programmes. Thus Cd levels in the winkle,Littorina littorea(L.) closely reflect gradients in environmental contamination (Bryanet al. 1983), demonstrating the excellent ‘indicator’ properties of this group.

Sulphide passivation of GaAs: the role of the sulphur chemical activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily N Bessolov ◽  
Mikhail V Lebedev ◽  
Nguyen Minh Binh ◽  
Marion Friedrich ◽  
Dietrich R T Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Activity

scholarly journals High prevalence of campylobacter excretors among Liberian children related to environmental conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kåre Mølbak ◽  
Niels Højlyng ◽  
Knud Gaarslev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYCampylobacter was the bacterial pathogen most prevalent in 850 children, aged 6–59 months, examined in a house-to-house diarrhoea survey in two Liberian communities. 44·9% of the children from an urban slum and 28·4% from a rural area were excretors. Since the prevalence of diarrhoea was very high and consequently many convalescent carriers were found, it was not possible to evaluate the pathogenic role of campylobacter.The excretor rate increased with ago and was significantly correlated to the uso of supplementary feeding, inversely correlated to the quality of the water supply, and also associated with helminthic infestation. Results from re-examination of 172 children suggested a high intensity of transmission.The findings all indicate the existence of a heavy environmental contamination with campylobacter, probably of both human and animal faecal origin.

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