Anthropogenic gadolinium in lakes and rivers near metrocities in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intae Kim ◽  
Suk Hyun Kim ◽  
Guebuem Kim
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
River Water ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Anthropogenic Gadolinium

This study presents that gadolinium (Gd) is noticeably enhanced in the lake and river water near big cities where over 10 million people live, due to the medical use of Gd, such as the Gd-based contrast agents for MRI tests surrounding big cities.

scholarly journals Tracing the spatial propagation of river inlet water into an agricultural polder area using anthropogenic gadolinium

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2405-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rozemeijer ◽  
C. Siderius ◽  
M. Verheul ◽  
H. Pomarius
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Large River ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Gadolinium

Abstract. Diverting river water into agricultural areas or nature reserves is a frequently applied management strategy to prevent fresh water shortage. However, the river water might have negative consequences for chemical and ecological water quality in the receiving water bodies. This study aimed to obtain a spatial image of the diverted river water propagation into a hydrologically complex polder area, the polder Quarles van Ufford in The Netherlands. We used anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd-anomaly) as a tracer for river water that was diverted into the polder. A clear reduction in the river water contribution was found between very dry conditions on 5 August 2010 and very wet conditions on 22 October. Despite the large river water impact on 5 August, the diverted river water did not propagate up into the small agricultural headwater ditches. Gadolinium proved to be an effective tracer for diverted river water in a polder system. We applied our results to upgrade the interpretation of water quality monitoring data and to validate an integrated nutrient transport model.

scholarly journals Tracing the spatial propagation of river inlet water into an agricultural polder area using anthropogenic gadolinium

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1411-1434
Author(s):  
J. Rozemeijer ◽  
C. Siderius ◽  
M. Verheul ◽  
H. Pomarius
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Spatial Propagation ◽  
Gd Anomaly ◽  
Anthropogenic Gadolinium

Abstract. The inlet of diverted river water into agricultural areas or nature reserves is a frequently applied management strategy to prevent fresh water shortage. However, the inlet water might have negative consequences for water quality in the receiving water bodies. This study aimed to obtain a spatial image of the inlet water propagation into a hydrological complex polder area. We used anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd-anomaly) as a tracer for diverted river water. A clear reduction in the river water contribution was found from very dry conditions on 5 August 2010 to very wet conditions on 22 October. Despite the large inlet water impact on 5 August, the diverted river water did not propagate up into the small agricultural headwater ditches. Gadolinium proved to be an effective tracer for diverted river water in a polder system. We applied our results to upgrade the interpretation of water quality monitoring data and to validate our integrated nutrient transport models.

Quantification of river water infiltration in shallow aquifers using acesulfame and anthropogenic gadolinium

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1742-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bichler ◽  
Christian Muellegger ◽  
Robert Brünjes ◽  
Thilo Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Anthropogenic Gadolinium

Silicon Substitution for Calcium in the Shell of the Fingernail Clam, Musculium Transversum Studied By X-Ray Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Richard Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
River Water ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molluscan Shell ◽  
Fingernail Clams

Fingernail clams (Muscu1ium transversum) are dominant bottom-dwelling animals in some waters of the midwest U.S. These organisms are key links in food chains leading from nutrients in water and mud to fish and ducks which are utilized by man. In the mid-1950’s, fingernail clams disappeared from a 100-mile section of the Illinois R., a tributary of the Mississippi R. Some factor(s) in the river and/or sediment currently prevent clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams developed shell deformities and died without reproducing. The greatest mortality and highest incidence of shell deformities appeared in test chambers containing the highest proportion of river water to well water. The molluscan shell consists of CaCO3, and the tissue concerned in its secretion is the mantle. The source of the carbonate is probably from metabolic CO2 and the maintenance of ionized Ca concentration in the mantle is controlled by carbonic anhydrase. The Ca is stored in extracellular concentric spherical granules(0.6-5.5μm) which represent a large amount of inertCa in the mantle. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of raw river water and well water on shell formation in the fingernail clam.

Effects of Radiographic Contrast Agents on Thrombin Formation and Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (08) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Parker ◽  
William Fay
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast ◽  
Inhibition Of Thrombin ◽  
Thrombin Formation

SummaryClinical trials suggest that the risk of thrombosis during coronary angioplasty is lower with ionic contrast agents than with nonionic contrast agents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. This study examined the effects of contrast agents on thrombin formation and its interaction with substrates, inhibitors, and ligands to define potential mechanisms by which contrast agents affect thrombus formation. Two ionic agents, diatrizoate and ioxaglate, and one nonionic agent, ioversol, were studied. Ionic agents inhibited factor X activation by the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex more potently than ioversol (53 ± 3.7, 43.0 ± 1.9, and 26.5 ± 2.4% inhibition by diatrizoate, ioxaglate, and ioversol, respectively, at concentrations of 5%). Ionic contrast agents were potent inhibitors of prothrombinase function, inhibiting thrombin formation by >75% at contrast concentrations of 0.6% (p <0.005). Ioversol inhibited prothrombinase to a significantly lesser extent than ionic agents. Clotting assays suggested that ioxaglate was the most potent inhibitor of thrombin generation in plasma despite having the least effect on fibrin polymerization. Contrast agents inhibited binding of thrombin to fibrin, with ionic agents producing a more potent effect than ioversol (p <0.02). However, contrast agents did not inhibit thrombin-mediated platelet activation, had only a minor effect on inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III, and did not affect thrombin-hirudin interactions. In summary, these studies identify specific mechanisms by which radiographic contrast agents inhibit thrombin formation and function – i.e. inhibition of tissue factor-dependent factor Xa generation, inhibition of the prothrombinase complex, and inhibition of thrombin binding to fibrin. These findings may help to explain the reduced risk of thrombosis during coronary angioplasty associated with ionic contrast agents.

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