Mirror image pairs of cyclic hexapeptides have different oral bioavailabilities and metabolic stabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (89) ◽  
pp. 13362-13365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rink-Jan Lohman ◽  
Daniel S. Nielsen ◽  
W. Mei Kok ◽  
Huy N. Hoang ◽  
Timothy A. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Cyclic Hexapeptides ◽  
Membrane Permeabilities ◽  
Image Pairs

Rule-of-five parameters and membrane permeabilities are not the only determinants of oral bioavailability.

scholarly journals Pyridyl-Ala Modified Cyclic Hexapeptides: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Profiling for Oral Bioavailability

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1383-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Vorherr ◽  
Ian Lewis ◽  
Joerg Berghausen ◽  
Felix Huth ◽  
Michael Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Pyridyl Nitrogen ◽  
Oral Uptake ◽  
Cyclic Hexapeptides ◽  
Chain Interaction

Abstract We and others have been aiming at modifications to maintain or to enhance solubility while enabling permeability for cyclic hexapeptides. Especially, the 2-pyridyl-Ala modification was investigated, since in this case, the pyridyl-nitrogen is able to form an H-bond to the NH of the same residue. The hypothesis of a backbone side-chain interaction was demonstrated by NMR experiments, and further results obtained on a variety of pyridyl-Ala derivatives, studied systematically in the context of permeability, are presented in this contribution. Thus, this study sheds some more light on the pyridyl-Ala modification, which had been reported earlier. In addition to the in vitro profiling, the extent of oral bioavailability was assessed in rats. In principle, the pyridyl-Ala residue can be considered as an amino acid supporting oral uptake. Graphic Abstract

Analysis of Split-plot Designs with Mirror Image Pairs as Sub-plots

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tyssedal ◽  
Murat Kulahci
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Image Pairs

Split-plot designs with mirror image pairs as sub-plots

2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 3686-3696 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tyssedal ◽  
Murat Kulahci ◽  
Søren Bisgaard
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Image Pairs

Cambrothyra ampulliformis, an unusual coeloscleritophoran from the Lower Cambrian of Shaanxi Province, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Moore ◽  
Susannah M. Porter ◽  
Michael Steiner ◽  
Guoxiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Dengying Formation ◽  
Southern Shaanxi ◽  
Image Pairs ◽  
Multiple Species

Cambrothyra ampulliformis Qian and Zhang, 1983, is a jar- or vase-shaped fossil known from the Lower Cambrian of Shaanxi and Hubei provinces, China. It has been interpreted as a protistan test or cyst or a metazoan sclerite. A large collection of specimens from the Xihaoping Member of the Dengying Formation in southern Shaanxi Province permits its detailed redescription. These fossils are highly variable in shape but this variation is continuous and does not support the current recognition of multiple species for this material. They were originally hollow with a restricted basal foramen and a calcareous wall probably composed of fibrous aragonite. All of these features support the identification of Cambrothyra as sclerites of a coeloscleritophoran, a problematic group of Cambrian scleritome-bearing metazoans. Furthermore, the walls of Cambrothyra sclerites contain numerous pores, a feature shared with other coeloscleritophorans. Cambrothyra resembles chancelloriids in particular due to the shared presence of a verruculose texture around the foramen and the absence of mirror-image pairs of asymmetric sclerites. However, unlike chancelloriids, which have rosette-like compound sclerites, the scleritome of Cambrothyra was dominated by isolated sclerites, with only a few pairs and clusters of sclerites and twin sclerites. Consequently, we hypothesize that Cambrothyra forms a clade with other chancelloriids, but represents a basal lineage that plesiomorphically retained isolated sclerites. The morphology of Cambrothyra sclerites, which shares features with both chancelloriids and halkieriids, thus supports the hypothesis that all coeloscleritophorans form a natural group.

scholarly journals Modulation of Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism for Closely Related Cyclic Hexapeptides

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Vorherr ◽  
Ian Lewis ◽  
Joerg Berghausen ◽  
Sandrine Desrayaud ◽  
Michael Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Cyclic Hexapeptides

Enhancement of oral bioavailability of pentoxifylline by solid lipid nanoparticles

2009 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 090820062440031-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaleh Varshosaz ◽  
Mohsen Minayian ◽  
Elaheh Moazen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Solid Lipid

Mirror-image stimulation.

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (6, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 782-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon G. Gallup
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image

How are object shape axes defined? Evidence from mirror-image confusions.

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitaporn Chaisilprungraung ◽  
Joseph German ◽  
Michael McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image ◽  
Object Shape
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