scholarly journals Characterization methods in porous materials for the rational design of multi-step processing in the context of a paper microfluidic phenylalanine test

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-780
Author(s):  
Lael Wentland ◽  
Rachel Polaski ◽  
Elain Fu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Paper Microfluidic

We present an example of rational device design in the context of an improved paper microfluidic phenylalanine detection device using detailed characterization of fluid and reagent interactions within the device.

scholarly journals Interparticle Interactions in Dilute Solutions of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Thomas Weiss ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Complex Micelles

The application of dilute solutions of polyelectrolyte complex micelles for delivering therapeutic nucleic acids into disease sites has gained momentum. This letter reports a detailed characterization of PEC micelles in dilute solutions including their internal structures and the determination of the interparticle interactions. We found that the soft corona chains tethered on the surface of phase-separated complex domains are compressed when micelles come close, at which point a hard-sphere interaction takes over. These findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of the structure and space-filling constraints in the complexation-driven self-assemblies and advance the rational design of cationic polymer-based non-viral nanocarriers.

scholarly journals Interparticle Interactions in Dilute Solutions of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Thomas Weiss ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Complex Micelles

The application of dilute solutions of polyelectrolyte complex micelles for delivering therapeutic nucleic acids into disease sites has gained momentum. This letter reports a detailed characterization of PEC micelles in dilute solutions including their internal structures and the determination of the interparticle interactions. We found that the soft corona chains tethered on the surface of phase-separated complex domains are compressed when micelles come close, at which point a hard-sphere interaction takes over. These findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of the structure and space-filling constraints in the complexation-driven self-assemblies and advance the rational design of cationic polymer-based non-viral nanocarriers.

Intramolecular Proton Transfer in the Isomerization of Hydroxyacetone: A Detailed Characterization Based on Reaction Force Analysis and the Bond Fragility Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Derricotte ◽  
Huiet Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Intramolecular Proton Transfer ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Activation Energy Barrier ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Proton Transfers ◽  
Reaction Force Constant

The mechanism of isomerization of hydroxyacetone to 2-hydroxypropanal is studied within the framework of reaction force analysis at the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Three unique pathways are considered: (i) a step-wise mechanism that proceeds through formation of the Z-isomer of their shared enediol intermediate, (ii) a step-wise mechanism that forms the E-isomer of the enediol, and (iii) a concerted pathway that bypasses the enediol intermediate. Energy calculations show that the concerted pathway has the lowest activation energy barrier at 45.7 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup>. The reaction force, chemical potential, and reaction electronic flux are calculated for each reaction to characterize electronic changes throughout the mechanism. The reaction force constant is calculated in order to investigate the synchronous/asynchronous nature of the concerted intramolecular proton transfers involved. Additional characterization of synchronicity is provided by calculating the bond fragility spectrum for each mechanism.

DETAILED CHARACTERIZATION OF EUROPA'S RIDGE MORPHOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle A.F. Heitmeier ◽  
◽  
Emily S. Martin ◽  
Jordan M. Bretzfelder ◽  
D. Alex Patthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Characterization

The Problem of Divine Hiddenness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Divine Hiddenness ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides a detailed characterization of the various meanings of the term “divine hiddenness,” carefully and rigorously articulates the version of the problem of divine hiddenness that has dominated contemporary philosophical discussion for the past twenty-five years, and then explains the relationship between that problem and the problem of evil.

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gründer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pathological Pain

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated Na+ channels. Being almost ubiquitously present in neurons of the vertebrate nervous system, their precise function remained obscure for a long time. Various animal toxins that bind to ASICs with high affinity and specificity have been tremendously helpful in uncovering the role of ASICs. We now know that they contribute to synaptic transmission at excitatory synapses as well as to sensing metabolic acidosis and nociception. Moreover, detailed characterization of mouse models uncovered an unanticipated role of ASICs in disorders of the nervous system like stroke, multiple sclerosis, and pathological pain. This review provides an overview on the expression, structure, and pharmacology of ASICs plus a summary of what is known and what is still unknown about their physiological functions and their roles in diseases.

Impulsivity and Drug Addiction: A Neurobiological Perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Compulsive Behavior ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Cocaine Seeking ◽  
Serial Reaction

A conceptual analysis of the impulsivity construct in behavioral and neurobiological terms is followed by an analysis of its causal role in certain forms of drug addiction in both human and animal studies. The main focus of this chapter is on a rat model of impulsivity based on premature responding in the five-choice serial reaction time task and a more detailed characterization of this phenotype in neurobehavioral, neurochemical, and genetic terms. Evidence is surveyed that high impulsivity on this task is associated with the escalation subsequently of cocaine self-administration behavior and also with a tendency toward compulsive cocaine seeking. Novelty reactivity, by contrast, is associated with the enhanced acquisition of self-administration, but not with the escalation of intravenous self-administration of cocaine or the development of compulsive behavior associated with cocaine seeking. These results indicate that the vulnerability to stimulant addiction may depend on different factors, as expressed through distinct presumed endophenotypes. These observations help us further to dissociate various aspects of the impulsivity construct in neural as well as behavioral terms.

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