scholarly journals Association between lung cancer risk and inorganic arsenic concentration in drinking water: a dose–response meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwei Yuan ◽  
Hongbo zhang ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Shasha Tao
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

High dose arsenic in drinking water (≥100 μg L−1) is known to induce lung cancer, but lung cancer risks at low to moderate arsenic levels and its dose–response relationship remains inconclusive.

Cigarette Smoking Reduction and Health Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne T Chang ◽  
Gabriella M Anic ◽  
Brian L Rostron ◽  
Manju Tanwar ◽  
Cindy M Chang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract Introduction Studies have shown the health benefits of cigarette smoking cessation. However, the literature remains unclear about the relationship between smoking reduction and health risks. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis updates previous reviews with the newest estimates. Aims and Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between smoking reduction and some health risks in observational studies. We defined the following smoking categories: heavy smokers smoked ≥15–20 cigarettes per day (CPD), moderate smokers smoked 10–19 CPD, and light smokers smoked <10 CPD. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effect models. Results We identified 19 studies including four case–control and 15 cohort studies. Compared with continuing heavy smokers, we found decreased lung cancer risk for those who reduced CPD by more than 50% (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.91), from heavy to moderate (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.85), and from heavy to light (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.72). We also found lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for those who reduced from heavy to light smoking (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.89) but not those who reduced by more than 50% and reduced smoking from heavy to moderate. We did not find any significant difference in all-cause mortality, all-cancer risks, and smoking-/tobacco-related cancer risk among those who reduced. Conclusions Substantial smoking reduction may decrease lung cancer risk but results on CVD (coronary heart disease and stroke combined) risk were mixed. The relationships between smoking reduction and other endpoints examined were not significant. Implications This meta-analysis helps clarify our understanding of various smoking reduction levels on some health risks. While smoking reduction may decrease risks of lung cancer, the relationships between smoking reduction and other endpoints, including all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, remain unclear. Although smoking reduction may decrease lung cancer risks, the magnitude of lung cancer risk remain high. Among smokers, complete cessation remains the most effective approach for cancer and CVD prevention.

scholarly journals Associations Between I/ D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer: an updated systematic review and a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjian Chen ◽  
Mao Sun ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Renfu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Random Ratio ◽  
Regression Test

Abstract BackgroundThis study has evaluated the association between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer risk by constructing a meta-analysis.MethodsThe heterogeneity in the study was tested by the Q-test and I2, and then the random ratio or fixed effect was utilized to merge the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), to estimate the strength of the association between ACE polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung cancer. We have performed Sensitivity analysis. Using funnel plot and Begger’s regression test investigated the publication bias. All data Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 and Revman 5.3.ResultsA total of 4307 participants (2181 patients; 2126 controls) were included in twelve case-control studies selected. No significant association was found between the ACE I/D polymorphism and lung cancer risks (II vs ID + DD: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.89–1.68; II + ID vs DD: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.90–1.63; I vs D: OR =1.15, 95% CI = 0.95–1.39). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association between this polymorphism and lung cancer risks was also found among Asia and Caucasian populations for the comparison of II vs ID + DD, II + ID vs DD and I vs D genetic models.ConclusionOur study indicated that the ACE I/ D polymorphism was not associated with the risk of lung cancer.

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