Directing osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by cell-secreted decellularized extracellular matrixes from different cell types

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
pp. 7471-7485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yuan Gao ◽  
Zhao-Hui Huang ◽  
Wei Jing ◽  
Peng-Fei Wei ◽  
Le Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Different Cell Types

Cell-secreted decellularized extracellular matrixes (D-ECM) are promising for conferring bioactivity and directing cell fate to facilitate tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals MiR-7 in Cancer Development

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Petra Korać ◽  
Mariastefania Antica ◽  
Maja Matulić
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
The Brain

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of specific mRNA translation. They participate in cellular signaling circuits and can act as oncogenes in tumor development, so-called oncomirs, as well as tumor suppressors. miR-7 is an ancient miRNA involved in the fine-tuning of several signaling pathways, acting mainly as tumor suppressor. Through downregulation of PI3K and MAPK pathways, its dominant role is the suppression of proliferation and survival, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Besides these functions, it has numerous additional roles in the differentiation process of different cell types, protection from stress and chromatin remodulation. One of the most investigated tissues is the brain, where its downregulation is linked with glioblastoma cell proliferation. Its deregulation is found also in other tumor types, such as in liver, lung and pancreas. In some types of lung and oral carcinoma, it can act as oncomir. miR-7 roles in cell fate determination and maintenance of cell homeostasis are still to be discovered, as well as the possibilities of its use as a specific biotherapeutic.

scholarly journals RhPDGF – Basic Characteristics and Potential Application in the Oral Surgery – An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Z. Mihaylova ◽  
R. Ugrinov ◽  
E. Aleksiev ◽  
P. Stanimirov
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Matrix Synthesis ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Stimulate Cell Proliferation

AbstractGrowth factors (GFs) are bioactive molecules participating in organ development, tissue regeneration and repair. They are protein molecules with a relatively low molecular weight and are released by activated platelets. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of the GFs of highest amount in human platelets. It is known to stimulate cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis, as well as angiogenesis in healthy tissues and neoplasms. However, most of the studies in the literature demonstrate the influence of PDGF on tissue regeneration without revealing its intimate mechanisms of action on different cell types. In the current review we emphasis on the effects of PDGF in order to stimulate various biological processes in wide number of pre-clinical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals A Dedifferentiation Strategy to Enhance the Osteogenic Potential of Dental Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Paduano ◽  
Elisabetta Aiello ◽  
Paul Roy Cooper ◽  
Benedetta Marrelli ◽  
Irina Makeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
First Time

Dental stem cells (DSCs) holds the ability to differentiate into numerous cell types. This property makes these cells particularly appropriate for therapeutic use in regenerative medicine. We report evidence that when DSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation, the osteoblast-like cells can be reverted back to a stem-like state and then further differentiated toward the osteogenic phenotype again, without gene manipulation. We have investigated two different MSCs types, both from dental tissues: dental follicle progenitor stem cells (DFPCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). After osteogenic differentiation, both DFPCs and DPSCs can be reverted to a naïve stem cell-like status; importantly, dedifferentiated DSCs showed a greater potential to further differentiate toward the osteogenic phenotype. Our report aims to demonstrate for the first time that it is possible, under physiological conditions, to control the dedifferentiation of DSCs and that the rerouting of cell fate could potentially be used to enhance their osteogenic therapeutic potential. Significantly, this study first validates the use of dedifferentiated DSCs as an alternative source for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate mammalian digit tip regeneration

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 200194
Author(s):  
Mekayla A. Storer ◽  
Freda D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Mammalian Tissue ◽  
Blastema Formation ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Adult Mammal

Digit tip regeneration is one of the few examples of true multi-tissue regeneration in an adult mammal. The key step in this process is the formation of the blastema, a transient proliferating cell mass that generates the different cell types of the digit to replicate the original structure. Failure to form the blastema results in a lack of regeneration and has been postulated to be the reason why mammalian limbs cannot regrow following amputation. Understanding how the blastema forms and functions will help us to determine what is required for mammalian regeneration to occur and will provide insights into potential therapies for mammalian tissue regeneration and repair. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that influence murine blastema formation and govern digit tip regeneration.

Gonadal mesoderm and fat body initially follow a common developmental path in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Moore ◽  
H.T. Broihier ◽  
M. Van Doren ◽  
R. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Developmental Relationship ◽  
Close Juxtaposition ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Lateral Mesoderm

During gastrulation, the Drosophila mesoderm invaginates and forms a single cell layer in close juxtaposition to the overlying ectoderm. Subsequently, particular cell types within the mesoderm are specified along the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes. The exact developmental pathways that guide the specification of different cell types within the mesoderm are not well understood. We have analyzed the developmental relationship between two mesodermal tissues in the Drosophila embryo, the gonadal mesoderm and the fat body. Both tissues arise from lateral mesoderm within the eve domain. Whereas in the eve domain of parasegments 10–12 gonadal mesoderm develops from dorsolateral mesoderm and fat body from ventrolateral mesoderm, in parasegments 4–9 only fat body is specified. Our results demonstrate that the cell fate decision between gonadal mesoderm and fat body identity within dorsolateral mesoderm along the anteroposterior axis is determined by the combined actions of genes including abdA, AbdB and srp; while srp promotes fat body development, abdA allows gonadal mesoderm to develop by repressing srp function. Furthermore, we present evidence from genetic analysis suggesting that, before stage 10 of embryogenesis, gonadal mesoderm and the fat body have not yet been specified as different cell types, but exist as a common pool of precursor cells requiring the functions of the tin, zfh-1 and cli genes for their development.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal cellular movement and fate decisions during first pharyngeal arch morphogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (51) ◽  
pp. eabb0119
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Yong-hwee Eddie Loh ◽  
Xia Han ◽  
Jifan Feng ◽  
Thach-Vu Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
Fate Restriction ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Movement

Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells contribute to different cell types during embryonic development. It is unknown whether postmigratory CNC cells undergo dynamic cellular movement and how the process of cell fate decision occurs within the first pharyngeal arch (FPA). Our investigations demonstrate notable heterogeneity within the CNC cells, refine the patterning domains, and identify progenitor cells within the FPA. These progenitor cells undergo fate bifurcation that separates them into common progenitors and mesenchymal cells, which are characterized by Cdk1 and Spry2/Notch2 expression, respectively. The common progenitors undergo further bifurcations to restrict them into osteogenic/odontogenic and chondrogenic/fibroblast lineages. Disruption of a patterning domain leads to specific mandible and tooth defects, validating the binary cell fate restriction process. Different from the compartment model of mandibular morphogenesis, our data redefine heterogeneous cellular domains within the FPA, reveal dynamic cellular movement in time, and describe a sequential series of binary cell fate decision-making process.

scholarly journals Codon optimality in cancer

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Gillen ◽  
Joseph A. Waldron ◽  
Martin Bushell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Codon Preference ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractA key characteristic of cancer cells is their increased proliferative capacity, which requires elevated levels of protein synthesis. The process of protein synthesis involves the translation of codons within the mRNA coding sequence into a string of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. As most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons, the nucleotide sequence of a coding region can vary dramatically without altering the polypeptide sequence of the encoded protein. Although mutations that do not alter the final amino acid sequence are often thought of as silent/synonymous, these can still have dramatic effects on protein output. Because each codon has a distinct translation elongation rate and can differentially impact mRNA stability, each codon has a different degree of ‘optimality’ for protein synthesis. Recent data demonstrates that the codon preference of a transcriptome matches the abundance of tRNAs within the cell and that this supply and demand between tRNAs and mRNAs varies between different cell types. The largest observed distinction is between mRNAs encoding proteins associated with proliferation or differentiation. Nevertheless, precisely how codon optimality and tRNA expression levels regulate cell fate decisions and their role in malignancy is not fully understood. This review describes the current mechanistic understanding on codon optimality, its role in malignancy and discusses the potential to target codon optimality therapeutically in the context of cancer.

scholarly journals Control of tissue development by cell cycle dependent transcriptional filtering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abou Chakra ◽  
Ruth Isserlin ◽  
Thinh Tran ◽  
Gary D. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Cell Diversity ◽  
Cycle Dependent ◽  
Cell Cycle Dynamics ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Long Genes

AbstractCell cycle duration changes dramatically during development, starting out fast to generate cells quickly and slowing down over time as the organism matures. The cell cycle can also act as a transcriptional filter to control the expression of long genes which are partially transcribed in short cycles. Using mathematical simulations of cell proliferation, we identify an emergent property, that this filter can act as a tuning knob to control cell fate, cell diversity and the number and proportion of different cell types in a tissue. Our predictions are supported by comparison to single-cell RNA-seq data captured over embryonic development. Evolutionary genome analysis shows that fast developing organisms have a narrow genomic distribution of gene lengths while slower developers have an expanded number of long genes. Our results support the idea that cell cycle dynamics may be important across multicellular animals for controlling gene expression and cell fate.

Delta-Notch signaling induces hypochord development in zebrafish

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Latimer ◽  
Xinhong Dong ◽  
Youlia Markov ◽  
Bruce Appel
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
No Tail ◽  
Vertebrate Embryos ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Her4 Expression

Different cell types that occupy the midline of vertebrate embryos originate within the Spemann-Mangold or gastrula organizer. One such cell type is hypochord, which lies ventral to notochord in anamniote embryos. We show that hypochord precursors arise from the lateral edges of the organizer in zebrafish. During gastrulation, hypochord precursors are closely associated with no tail-expressing midline precursors and paraxial mesoderm, which expresses deltaC and deltaD. Loss-of-function experiments revealed that deltaC and deltaD were required for her4 expression in presumptive hypochord precursors and for hypochord development. Conversely, ectopic, unregulated Notch activity blocked no tail expression and promoted her4 expression. We propose that Delta signaling from paraxial mesoderm diversifies midline cell fate by inducing a subset of neighboring midline precursors to develop as hypochord, rather than as notochord.

The effect of PEGylated hollow gold nanoparticles on stem cell migration: potential application in tissue regeneration

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 9848-9858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Encabo-Berzosa ◽  
Maria Sancho-Albero ◽  
Alejandra Crespo ◽  
Vanesa Andreu ◽  
Victor Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stem Cell Migration ◽  
Hollow Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
Different Cell Types

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only can be differentiated into different cell types but also have tropism towards injured or inflamed tissues serving as repair cells.

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