Omnidirectional and effective salt-rejecting absorber with rationally designed nanoarchitecture for efficient and durable solar vapour generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
pp. 22976-22986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Song ◽  
Hucheng Song ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Huafeng Yang ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Vapour Generation

Harvesting solar energy as heat has shown fascinating applications for the purification of polluted or saline water to address the water scarcity issue globally.

Templating Synthesis of Natural Cotton-based Hierarchically Structured Carbon Hollow Microfibers for High-performance Solar Vapor Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijun Lei ◽  
Dali Huang ◽  
Shuhao Liu ◽  
Mingfeng Chen ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Templating Synthesis

Solar-thermal desalination by interfacial evaporation that leverages abundant solar energy to convert saline water into clean freshwater has promised an exciting alternative to meet the grand challenges of water scarcity....

scholarly journals Dealing with Water Scarcity and Salinity: Adoption of Water Efficient Technologies and Management Practices by California Avocado Growers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3555
Author(s):  
Julie Reints ◽  
Ariel Dinar ◽  
David Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Elevated Salinity

The irrigated agriculture sector has been facing an increased scarcity of good quality water worldwide. Consequently, the sustainability of water intensive crops, such as avocado, is threatened when water becomes scarce and expensive, or when growers must use saline water supplies that reduce crop yields. A variety of irrigation technologies and water management practices are now recommended to help growers through times of limited water supplies and elevated salinity levels. To examine how growers adopt different practices and combinations of practices, we collected data from a sample of avocado growers in California. We used Kohonen self-organizing maps, and developed logit models to identify the most common bundles of technologies and management practices that growers are using to deal with water scarcity. We test the validity of the proposed bundles and factors affecting their adoption, using primary data obtained from a survey of California avocado growers at the height of the drought during 2012–2013. Results show that farm location, share of income from agricultural production, use of cooperative extension advice, and farmer characteristics, such as age and education, all play important roles in grower adoption of individual and bundled methods to adapt to water scarcity.

scholarly journals Design of a Solar Powered Reverse Osmosis System in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Said M. A. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed G. M. Shabak
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Cost

Scarcity of fresh water, forced many countries to get their water needs, or part of it, by means of saline water desalination. Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are useful tools in this concern. In case the grid electricity is not available or costly, photovoltaic (PV) power is necessary to derive RO systems. The present paper is concerned with providing a methodology for complete sizing and design of a photovoltaic reverse osmosis (PVRO) system in Egypt. Egypt has very favorable solar energy. A computer program was constructed to solve the mathematical equations of the model to get the numerical values. The program is capable of calculating the solar irradiation for any city in Egypt. Calculations and selection of the RO system with all connected pumps, the peak PV power needed, and the actual PV area were performed for different water demands ranging from 1-100 m3/day, and various water total dissolved solids (TDSs) of 5000, 15000, and 30000 mg/l. The cost of the complete PVRO system was also determined. The concern of the paper is related to water desalination and solar energy, which are responsible for our existence. The work also aims toward sustainable and clean environment via utilizing solar energy.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Solar Still with Integrated Built-in Condenser

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Ghaleb Ibrahim ◽  
Husham M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Good Agreement

Water scarcity is one of the most important problems in Middle East and North Africa. Many researchers believe that solar distillation is the best solution to solve water scarcity, especially since these areas are characterized by abundant solar energy most days of the year. One of the main disadvantages of solar distillates is the low rate of production and therefore the research focuses on the factors that many enhance and improve the rates of production of the solar stills. In this paper, the performance of a passive built in condenser incorporated into a solar still is studied theoretically and experimentally using. A theoretical framework is developed to forecast the productivity performance (accumulated and hourly), the temperatures of the various elements of the stills. The theoretical and experimental results were compared together and discussed thoroughly.  Both theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement. The behaviors of both agree well with each other and have similar trends. 

scholarly journals Novel Cascade Solar Desalination Still: Mathematical, Numerical and Experimental Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
M. Bouzaid ◽  
N. Mouhsin ◽  
M. Taha-Janan ◽  
M. Oubrek ◽  
O. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Absorber Plate ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Experimental Process

Morocco is considered as a water-stressed country and is among the countries that face fresh water scarcity. However Morocco has an important solar energy and a significant amount of seawater and ocean. Therefore converting saline water to fresh water using solar energy is the perfect and the cleanest solution. Solar still is the simplest, cleanest and cheapest technology of solar desalination. In this paper a novel solar still with stepped-slope absorber plate and baffles was proposed and developed in order to enhance the thermal performance of the conventional solar stills. In order to validate the performance of the developed technology a comparative study were elaborated. A mathematical model was developed. The energy balance equations for the various elements of the solar still are formulated and numerically solved using the dynamic simulation program Matlab/SimulinkTM and the Euler explicit method programmed by C++. Also, the experimental process of the new construction was evaluated and validates the new pattern performance. The thermal performance was investigated and shows considerable improvement through the new construction.

scholarly journals Innovative Design of Solar-Powered Desalination (SPD) System using Vacuum-Multi Effect Membrane Distillation (V-MEMD) Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Faisal RM ◽  
Esa D. Kerme ◽  
Irfan Wazeer ◽  
Saeed M. AlZahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Solar Powered

This research focused on the development of an innovative design of solar-powered desalination (SPD) system which was expected to solve the water and energy problem simultaneously. We have developed a portable and hybrid solar-powered desalination (SPD) system for producing potable water from saline water. It is a self-contained and integrated system which combines solar-thermal collector and solar-photovoltaic for its operation, and thus the system can operate to produce water by only using solar energy. Therefore, the system is highly suitable to be implemented in remote arid and coastal areas without infrastructures or connection to the grid (water and power), but blessed with abundant solar irradiation, like in Saudi Arabia. A Memsys Vacuum Multi-Effect Membrane Distillation (V-MEMD) unit was used as the core of the SPD system. A heat pump was also integrated into the SPD system for energy recovery and to improve the performance of the system. The system could be considered as sustainable and “green” desalination technology, which will be very useful for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To study the performance of the system, small-scale tests have been carried out at the Engineering College - King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Based on the experimental results, the system has run successfully by only utilizing solar energy.

Recent advances and rational design strategies of carbon dots towards highly efficient solar evaporation

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indriyati . ◽  
Indah Primadona ◽  
Fitri Aulia Aulia Permatasari ◽  
Muhammad Alief Irham ◽  
Dr. Eng. Muhamad nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Key Points

Solar evaporation using photothermal materials is an environmentally friendly and feasible solution to overcome the water scarcity issue by utilizing the abundant solar energy source. Some key points for efficient...

A model on the biological treatment of saline wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750021
Author(s):  
Ashish Goyal ◽  
Pawan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Hypersaline Environment ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Nonlinear Mathematical Model ◽  
Saline Wastewater

Water scarcity is not a new issue, neither is water pollution. While 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water, only 3% of it is available as fresh water. Moreover the pollution of water resources has dramatically increased the problem of water scarcity over the last century. Bioremediation presents a cheap and effective solution of this problem. In particular, halophiles have been found to be effective in hypersaline wastewater treatment. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a nonlinear mathematical model to study the removal of a pollutant using halophiles in the hypersaline environment. The analysis of the model is being carried out using stability theory of differential equations. The results indicate that halophiles not only help in removing the organic pollutant, but also help in conversion of saline water into fresh water. The numerical simulations along with sensitivity analysis are performed to support the analytical results.

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