Fundamentals of icing and common strategies for designing biomimetic anti-icing surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
pp. 13549-13581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Zhiguang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ice Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Icing ◽  
Interface Science ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Further Development

This review provides a comprehensive insight from the mechanism of ice formation and growth to the common biomimetic strategies for designing passive anti-icing/ice-phobic materials, which is expected to serve as a touchstone for further development of interface science and bring new perspective to settle the atmospheric-icing-triggered security and efficiency problems.

scholarly journals Development of Resistance to Hymexazol Among Pythium Species in Cucumber Greenhouses in Oman

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab M. Al-Balushi ◽  
Hesham Agrama ◽  
Issa H. Al-Mahmooli ◽  
Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Further Development

A study was conducted to characterize the common Pythium spp. in greenhouses in Oman and their level of resistance to hymexazol, a widely used fungicide in the country. Pythium isolates were obtained from soil samples, cocopeat bags, and cucumber roots collected from seven regions in the country. Identification of 80 Pythium isolates to the species level using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA showed that they belong to four species: Pythium aphanidermatum (77 isolates), P. spinosum (1 isolate), P. myriotylum (1 isolate), and P. catenulatum (1 isolate). Investigating the aggressiveness of three Pythium spp. on cucumber showed that P. aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and P. spinosum are pathogenic. Phylogenetic analysis of P. aphanidermatum isolates showed that most of the isolates obtained from cocopeat clustered separately from isolates obtained from soil and roots. This may indicate a difference in the origin of the cocopeat isolates. Evaluating the resistance of 27 P. aphanidermatum isolates to hymexazol showed that most isolates were sensitive (0.9 to 31.2 mg liter−1) whereas one isolate was resistant (142.9 mg liter−1). This study is the first to report P. myriotylum and P. catenulatum in Oman. It is also the first to report the development of resistance to hymexazol among P. aphanidermatum populations from greenhouses. Growers should use integrated disease management strategies to avoid further development of resistance to hymexazol.

CHOLANGITIS AS A SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION OF ACUTE BILIARY INFECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
A. O. Nekludov ◽  
M. O. Klosova ◽  
O. V. Volchenko ◽  
M. M. Goloborodko ◽  
A. Yu. Korolevska
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Biliary Infection ◽  
The Common ◽  
Further Development

The main causes of cholangitis are hypertension in the biliary ducts and infection. In order to determine the place of the infectious factor in the acute cholangitis development, a retrospective and prospective analysis of case histories of 176 patients with choledocholithiasis and manifestations of acute and chronic cholangitis was performed. Bile from the common bile duct in the patients with obstruction of the biliary tract was studied. In the patients with mechanical jaundice without and with cholangitis, the intraductal pressure in the common bile duct averaged 227.3±26.1 mm of water column, in the patients without signs of cholangitis that was 97.5±8.3 mm of water column. With mechanical jaundice without acute cholangitis, it was slightly elevated if compared to normal. This suggests that the increase in pressure in the bile ducts in acute cholangitis is not influenced by the fact of obstruction of the biliary tract, and the development of the inflammatory process in them. In the patients with cholangitis, the initial values of the number of colonizing units were much higher than in "pure" choledocholithiasis. After endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in the patients with vivid clinical cholangitis, in whom decompression was achieved, in the control study, this value decreased by 100−500 times, which was accompanied by clinical improvement. According to the results of the study, it was noted that in the patients with a manifested clinic sign of cholangitis there is a significant decrease in the number of colonizing units on the third day after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. At the stone stuck in a papilla the choledoch turns into so−called analog of an abscess. The opening of the papilla provides a free passage of the contents of the choledochus (i.e. pus) into the duodenum, so there is an almost instant therapeutic effect. The increase in pressure in the bile ducts in acute cholangitis is influenced by the development of an inflammatory process, which indicates the manifestations of biliary infection. The presented research has a prospective character and needs further development. Key words: cholangitis, biliary infection, intraductal pressure, bile.

scholarly journals GLOBAL ENERGY SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Envarbik M. Fazelianov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Entire Energy ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
The Common ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Further Development

This article analyzes the problem of energy security as a factor of global sustainable development. The energy sector faces new challenges, as well as expanding opportunities for both developed and developing countries. The global nature of energy security increasingly requires the formation of an international energy strategy that allows us to look into the common energy future, and the further development of a broad dialogue on energy issues between various countries and relevant international organizations. The relevance of this article is of interest to the entire energy community. The problem and the main components of energy security are in the field of view of summits, attract the attention of various international forums, and its solution is interlinked with sustainable development, climate change and the environment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF “THE FUNDAMENTAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENVIRONMENT DICOENVIRO” IN COMPARISON WITH ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FRAMENET, PROPBANK, VERBNET IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MODERN THEORETICAL LEXICOGRAPHIC PARADIGM

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Kalinichenko T.M.
Keyword(s):  
Internet Resource ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Function Annotation ◽  
Specialized Language ◽  
Semantic Frames ◽  
The Common ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Specialized Languages

The purpose of the article is to establish the possibilities of functioning of the terminological Internet resource “The Fundamental Dictionary of the Environment DiCoEnviro”, to examine its methods to carry out a comparative analysis with electronic resources FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet to open a new perspective of the perception of the meaning of words in common and specialized languages in the framework of modern theoretical lexicographic paradigm.Methods. The complex linguo-pragmatic descriptive method and the techniques of observation, comparison, generalization and interpretation helped to characterize the work of the terminological Internet resource DiCoEnviro and electronic resources FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, to identify phenomena in them; the extraction of terminological units for the formation of the results materials is made by the method of continuous sampling.Results. The article highlights the work of the terminological Internet resource DiCoEnviro in comparison with electronic resources FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, which offer mainly information about the common language. It is found that in DiCoEnviro the participant is defined by the type, role, is expressed by syntactic group, each context contains a description of syntactic function. Annotation of contexts in DiCoEnviro is performed using the Oxigen XML editor, while users view annotations in HTML format when visiting the DiCoEnviro website.Conclusions. The article presents the work of scientists in the field of lexicography, namely electronic dictionaries; it shows a study of the terminological Internet resource DiCoEnviro and the principles of annotation of terms in it. The purpose of the DiCoEnviro project is traced; previous works of FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet are presented, which offer mainly information about common language, while DiCoEnviro includes vocabulary of specialized environmental language; examples of annotations from these projects are given and analyzed. The method used in DiCoEnviro and based on explanatory and combinatorial lexicology and partly on the theory of semantic frames is considered in details.Key words: annotation, frames, terms, explanatory and combinatorial lexicology, specialized language. Мета статті – встановити можливості функціонування термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу «Фундаментальний слов-ник навколишнього середовища DiCoEnviro», розглянути його методи для здійснення порівняльного аналізу з електронни-ми ресурсами FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, щоб відкрити нову перспективу сприйняття значення слова у загальновживаній та спеціалізованій мовах у рамках сучасної теоретичної лексикографічної парадигми.Методи. Комплексний лінгвопрагматичний описовий метод і прийоми спостереження, порівняння, узагальнення та інтер-претації допомогли охарактеризувати роботу термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу DiCoEnviro і електронних ресурсів FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, виявити явища в них; виокремлення термінологічних одиниць для формування матеріалів результатів зро-блено методом суцільної вибірки.Результати. У статті висвітлено роботу термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу DiCoEnviro порівняно з електронними ресур-сами FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, які пропонують в основному інформацію про загальновживану мову. З’ясовано, що в DiCoEnviro учасник визначається своїм типом, роллю, виражається синтаксичною групою, кожен контекст містить опис синтаксичної функції. Анотування контекстів у DiCoEnviro виконується за допомогою редактора XML Oxigen, тоді як корис-тувачі, коли відвідують вебсайт DiCoEnviro, дивляться анотування у форматі HTML.Висновки. У статті презентовано роботи науковців у галузі лексикографії, а саме електронних словників; показано дослі-дження термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу DiCoEnviro і принципів анотування термінів у ньому. Простежено мету проєк-ту DiCoEnviro; представлені попередні роботи FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, які пропонують в основному інформацію про загальновживану мову, тоді як DiCoEnviro включає у себе лексику спеціалізованої мови навколишнього середовища; наведено і проаналізовано приклади анотування з цих проєктів. Докладно розглянуто методику, яка застосовується в DiCoEnviro і ґрун-тується на пояснювальній і комбінаторній лексикології і частково на теорії семантичних фреймів.Ключові слова: анотування, фрейми, терміни, пояснювальна і комбінаторна лексикологія, спеціалізована мова

The Paradox Perspective and the Dialectics of Contradictions Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-185
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Dialectical Perspective ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Conceptual Core

This chapter compares paradox and dialectical perspectives on managing contradictions and engages the debate on the further development of the paradox perspective. This perspective provides guidance to managers on how they can increase organizational effectiveness in the face of seemingly irreconcilable tensions. It presents contradictions as persistent, stable, separable, and controllable. The dialectical perspective, in contrast, depicts contradictions as difficult to disentangle from their contexts, continuously changing, and transformed through oppositional processes. While paradox scholars have called for incorporation of dialectics into the paradox perspective, they have done so in a way that preserves rather than challenges or expands the conceptual core of the paradox perspective. This chapter advocates that scholars take a dialectical approach and experiment in establishing a new perspective that sublates the paradox and dialectical perspectives. This contradictions perspective would situate the experience of paradox as one moment in time within a never-ending dialectical process. I briefly discuss the possible outline of this perspective and highlight articles that have moved in its direction.

Ancient Greek Mathematics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ferreirós
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Mathematics ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Advanced Mathematics ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Greek Mathematics ◽  
Joint Consideration ◽  
Practical Geometry ◽  
Further Development

This chapter focuses on the ancient Greek tradition of geometrical proof in light of recent studies by Kenneth Manders and others. It advances the view that the borderline of elementary mathematics is strictly linked with the adoption of hypotheses. To this end, the chapter considers Euclidean geometry, which elaborates on both the problems and the proof methods based on diagrams. It argues that Euclidean geometry can be understood as a theoretical, idealized analysis (and further development) of practical geometry; that by way of the idealizations introduced, Euclid's Elements builds on hypotheses that turn them into advanced mathematics; and that the axioms or “postulates” of Book I of the Elements mainly regiment diagrammatic constructions, while the “common notions” are general principles of a theory of quantities. The chapter concludes by discussing how the proposed approach, based on joint consideration of agents and frameworks, can be applied to the case of Greek geometry.

The Handbook of Language Assessment Across Modalities

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Assessment Literacy ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time

In Language Assessment Across Modalities: Paired-Papers on Signed and Spoken Language Assessment, volume editors Tobias Haug, Wolfgang Mann, and Ute Knoch bring together—for the first time—researchers, clinicians, and practitioners from two different fields: signed language and spoken language. The volume examines theoretical and practical issues related to 12 topics ranging from test development and language assessment of bi-/multilingual learners to construct issues of second-language assessment (including the Common European Framework of Reference [CEFR]) and language assessment literacy in second-language assessment contexts. Each topic is addressed separately for spoken and signed language by experts from the relevant field. This is followed by a joint discussion in which the chapter authors highlight key issues in each field and their possible implications for the other field. What makes this volume unique is that it is the first of its kind to bring experts from signed and spoken language assessment to the same table. The dialogues that result from this collaboration not only help to establish a shared appreciation and understanding of challenges experienced in the new field of signed language assessment but also breathes new life into and provides a new perspective on some of the issues that have occupied the field of spoken language assessment for decades. It is hoped that this will open the door to new and exciting cross-disciplinary collaborations.

scholarly journals Fifty years of progress in ice engineering

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorne W. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Atmospheric Icing ◽  
Ice Forces

AbstractThe literature reporting scientific and engineering investigations on ice has grown rapidly in the past 50 years, and increased by a factor of at least ten in the past 20 years. A review is presented of advances in engineering for ice problems during this period, including ice formation in rivers, lakes, and oceans; ice forces on structures; bearing capacity of ice covers; and atmospheric icing. The difficulties faced by engineers due to the unique physical and mechanical properties of ice and its normal thermal state are emphasized.

scholarly journals R v BM: Errors in the Judicial Interpretation of Body Modification

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Samuel Walker
Keyword(s):  
Body Modification ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Case Basis ◽  
Lost Opportunity

R v BM is the latest case to consider the exceptions to the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (OAPA). The exceptions allow an action causing injury that would be a criminal offence to become lawful if the person injured consents to the action. The consequences of this judgment is that body modifications are categorised as medical procedures (and therefore subject to the medical exception only) and new exceptions should not be developed on a case by case basis, instead allocating development of the exceptions to Parliament. Two implications follow from the BM judgment. First, it provided a limited definition of body modifications which are now categorised as medical procedures. Secondly, their Lordships have restricted further development of the lawful exceptions to offences against the person. This is a lost opportunity for developing the common law exceptions to the OAPA through an autonomy-based liberal judicial interpretation.

De Qi: Chinese Acupuncture Patients' Experiences and Beliefs regarding Acupuncture Needling Sensation – An Exploratory Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun J Mao ◽  
John T Farrar ◽  
Katrina Armstrong ◽  
Alethea Donahue ◽  
Jessica Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Chinese Acupuncture ◽  
Patient’S Experience ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
The Common ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
De Qi

Introduction While de qi, the acupuncture needling sensation, has been considered as an important component of acupuncture, little is known of the acupuncture patient's experience and beliefs about de qi in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to describe Chinese acupuncture patients’ perceived sensations of, and beliefs about, acupuncture needling. Methods We developed a questionnaire and conducted a survey study at two time periods among 200 subjects at six outpatient acupuncture clinics in Beijing, China. Results Respondents were 55% female and had a mean age of 41 years. The most common types of needling sensations reported by subjects were the terms ‘distended’(94%), ‘sore’(81%), ‘electric’(81%) and ‘numb’ (78%). Eighty-nine percent of subjects reported that the needling sensation travelled away from the puncturing points or travelled among the needling points. Eighty-two percent of subjects believed that the needling sensation was very important for acupuncture treatment, and 68% further indicated that the stronger the needling sensation, the more effective the therapy. Eighty-one percent of subjects found the acupuncture process to be very comfortable and relaxing. Conclusion Chinese acupuncture patients described the common characteristics of de qi and its migratory nature. The sensations were believed to be important in producing clinical efficacy by most patients. Measuring the sensations described as de qi in future prospective studies will help us understand the degree to which this phenomenon has an effect on the physiological outcome and clinical response to acupuncture. There appears to be a limit to the number of sensations that can be discriminated by each individual patient, and further development of the questionnaire is planned.

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