Material gradients in fibrillar insect attachment systems: the role of joint-like elements

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (34) ◽  
pp. 7026-7033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Heepe ◽  
Sabrina Höft ◽  
Jan Michels ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Parallel Surfaces ◽  
Insect Attachment

A not yet described type of material gradient in discoidal setae of male leaf beetles is shown that is suggested to facilitate their adaptability to curved and non-parallel surfaces.

scholarly journals First Record Of Clytra Laeviuscula Ratzeburg As Potential Insect Pest Of Energy Willow (Salix Viminalis L.) In Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Tatyana Stefanovska ◽  
Edwin Lewis ◽  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
Oleg Smyrnykh
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Program ◽  
First Record ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Cultivation of short rotation coppice energy willow (SRC EW), Salix viminalis L., has a great potential in Ukraine as a source of biomass for biofuel production. Commercial production of this species was recently initiated in the country. The growing of SRC EW in Western and Northern Europe for a long time showed that leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are key pests causing significant biomass reduction. However, data about the pest complex for energy willow growing in Ukraine is not available. Our three-year experiment in Poltava region, Ukraine showed that foliar damage caused by Clytra laeviuscula Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) occurred at energy willow plantations in the second year of production, which could have an effect on commercial production. Accordingly, information about seasonal activity, population dynamics, host range and the role of natural enemies in pest regulation are requested for developing pest control program.

Guide to the Beetles of Australia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hangay ◽  
Paul Zborowski
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Introduction

A Guide to the Beetles of Australia provides a comprehensive introduction to the Coleoptera – a huge and diverse group of insects. Beetles make up 40 per cent of all insects known to science. The number of described beetle species in the world – around 350 000 – is more than six times the number of all vertebrate species. New beetle species are being discovered all the time. Of the 30 000 species that may occur in Australia, only 20 000 have been scientifically described. These include around 6500 weevils (Curculionidae), 2600 scarabs, dung beetles and chafers (Scarabaeidae); and 2250 leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae). A Guide to the Beetles of Australia highlights the enormous diversity of this unique insect Order. It emphasises the environmental role of beetles, their relationships with other plants and animals, and their importance to humans. Winner of the 2010 Whitley Medal.

Interaction of Heat Transfer by Conduction, Convection, and Radiation in a Radiating Fluid

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Viskanta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Finite Distance ◽  
Parallel Surfaces

Consideration is given to the interaction of conduction, convection, and radiation in a fully developed laminar flow. The flat duct consists of two diffuse, nonblack, isothermal parallel surfaces a finite distance apart; the fluid between them emits and absorbs thermal radiation. The problem is formulated in terms of a nonlinear integro-differential equation, and the solution is obtained by a method employed by Barbier. Numerical examples show the influence of the system parameters such as the optical thicknesses, the ratio which determines the relative role of energy transport by conduction to that by radiation, the emissivity of the duct walls as well as the differences between heating and cooling on the temperature variations across the duct and on the heat-transfer characteristics. Two methods for obtaining approximate temperature distributions for optically transparent and opaque radiating media are outlined and the results discussed.

scholarly journals Elasto-capillarity in insect fibrillar adhesion

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (121) ◽  
pp. 20160371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gernay ◽  
Walter Federle ◽  
Pierre Lambert ◽  
Tristan Gilet
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Beam ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Fibrillar Adhesion

The manipulation of microscopic objects is challenging because of high adhesion forces, which render macroscopic gripping strategies unsuitable. Adhesive footpads of climbing insects could reveal principles relevant for micro-grippers, as they are able to attach and detach rapidly during locomotion. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this work, we characterize the geometry and contact formation of the adhesive setae of dock beetles ( Gastrophysa viridula ) by interference reflection microscopy. We compare our experimental results to the model of an elastic beam loaded with capillary forces. Fitting the model to experimental data yielded not only estimates for seta adhesion and compliance in agreement with previous direct measurements, but also previously unknown parameters such as the volume of the fluid meniscus and the bending stiffness of the tip. In addition to confirming the primary role of surface tension for insect adhesion, our investigation reveals marked differences in geometry and compliance between the three main kinds of seta tips in leaf beetles.

Evolution of Cryptocephalus leaf beetles related to C. sericeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the role of hybridization in generating species mtDNA paraphyly

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Gómez-Zurita ◽  
Davide Sassi ◽  
Anabela Cardoso ◽  
Michael Balke
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Beetles

Density-dependent processes in leaf beetles feeding on purple loosestrife: aggregative behaviour affecting individual growth rates

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Hambäck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Galerucella Calmariensis ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Galerucella Pusilla ◽  
Chrysomelid Beetles

AbstractAggregative responses are commonly observed in insects, including chrysomelids, affecting both individual and population growth rates. In two closely related chrysomelid beetles (Galerucella calmariensisandG. pusilla) feeding on purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), recent studies suggest that male-produced pheromones may cause both inter- and intraspecific attraction. This paper further examines the causes and consequences of feeding aggregations in these species. Olfactometer studies confirm previous findings, showing cross-species attraction to damaged plants, but suggest that also damaged induced plant volatiles may be involved. In addition, the studies suggest that the cross-species attraction observed in previous studies have asymmetric effects on the two beetles.Galerucella pusillawas more attracted to damage byG. calmariensisthan to damage by conspecifics. Laboratory and field data suggest that feeding aggregations in these species increase pupal mass, at least at low to intermediate larval densities. This positive feedback may have important consequences for the spatiotemporal dynamics and as a consequence on the role of the two chrysomelid beetles on biological control of purple loosestrife.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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