scholarly journals Continuous generation, in-line quantification and utilization of nitrosyl chloride in photonitrosation reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Lebl ◽  
David Cantillo ◽  
C. Oliver Kappe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrosyl Chloride ◽  
Continuous Extraction ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Separation Sequence

The reagent is prepared from stable, inexpensive and readily available starting materials. In-line UV/vis monitoring enables determination of the reagent's concentration after a continuous extraction and liquid–liquid separation sequence.

Determination of nitrate in sea water by cadmium-copper reduction to nitrite

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Wood ◽  
F. A. J. Armstrong ◽  
F. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Nitrosyl Chloride ◽  
Sensitivity Limit ◽  
High Concentrations

An accurate, dependable determination of 0–60 μg-at./l. of NO−3-N in sea water has been developed. The sample is treated with tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution and passed through a column of copperized cadmium filings. A nearly quantitative reduction of nitrate to nitrite results. Nitrite is then determined by a diazotization method. Neither sulphide nor high nitrite concentrations interferes. Approximately eight samples per hour per column can be analysed with a standard deviation of 0.12 μg-at./l. at the 20 μg-at./l. level.IntroductionAccurate determinations of nitrate ions in sea water have been difficult, especially under shipboard conditions.The colorimetric method described by Harvey (1926, 1930) and improved by Cooper (1932), Zwicker & Robinson (1944), and others uses strychnidine in concentrated sulphuric acid to produce a red colour. The reagent lacks reliable sensitivity, because it is dependent on the rates of mixing and cooling.In a method by Armstrong (1963), the absorbance of nitrosyl chloride in the UV region is measured with a spectrophotometer. While the method is good for small samples containing high concentrations of nitrate, the use of concentrated sulphuric acid and lack of sensitivity limit its use in routine analysis.A method in which nitrate is quantitatively reduced to nitrite would be advantageous, because nitrite can be readily determined by the sensitive diazotization method proposed by Griess (1879). Several such methods have been proposed. FØyn (1951), Vatova (1956), and Chow & Johnstone (1962) used zinc powder for the reduction, but the reduction is sensitive to temperature, and it is necessary to centrifuge or filter each sample.

scholarly journals Continuous extraction of iron for the determination of trace elements in steel

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo UCHIDA ◽  
Eri TSUZUKI ◽  
Yusuke TAKAHASHI ◽  
Utako INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Continuous Extraction

scholarly journals Evaluación de la energía mareomotriz en el norte del Golfo de California con fines de generación de energía eléctrica

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
José Ramón Quiñonez-Osuna ◽  
Silvio Guido Marinone-Moschetto ◽  
María Dolores Flores-Aguilar ◽  
Domingo Carmona-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
The North ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Tidal Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data History

The tidal currents constitute a clean and inexhaustible source of energy. The determination of its magnitude in the north of the Gulf of California with a view to its use, represented the central objective of this work. The methodology included an exhaustive search of measurements of tidal currents, the generation of a text file of ordered time-speed data (history of speeds as a tabulation) from the found graphs of speeds, and finally its processing, which consisted of the histories of the current power density and power generated by a standard turbine, as well as the corresponding graphs of frequency and equivalence with respect to a continuous generation plant. The results show that the energy available in the tidal currents of the northern region of the Gulf of California is lower than that of other areas of the world with radical tidal changes; however, it is considered that the installation of several farms instead of one, located in the places where the currents reach higher speeds, together with the use of other renewable sources available in the region, constitute altogether an important option that must be considered.

Green analytical flow method for the determination of total sulfite in wine using membraneless gas–liquid separation with contactless conductivity detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (43) ◽  
pp. 6107-6116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattapong Chantipmanee ◽  
Waleed Alahmad ◽  
Thitaporn Sonsa-ard ◽  
Kanchana Uraisin ◽  
Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conductivity Detection ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Contactless Conductivity Detection ◽  
Flow Method

New and green automated flow-method based on membraneless vaporization technique suitable for monitoring of total sulfite in wine.

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