scholarly journals Secondary metabolites (SMs) of Isaria cicadae and Isaria tenuipes

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Qiongbo Hu ◽  
Qunfang Weng
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Entomogenous Fungi

Isaria cicadae (A–D) and Isaria tenuipes (E–F) are important medical and food entomogenous fungi, but some of their secondary metabolites are toxic. FB: fruiting bodies, HI: host insects, and CS: conidial structures.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Tricholoma Species (Basidiomycota, Tricholomatacee): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Marco Clericuzio ◽  
Giorgio Giacomo Mellerio ◽  
Paola Vita Finzi ◽  
Giovanni Vidari
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Complete Report ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The large mushroom genus Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude comprises hundreds of species growing worldwide. Phytochemical studies on the contents of these mushrooms have been increasing steadily in the last decades; this review is the first complete report about the secondary metabolites isolated to date (January 2018) from the fruiting bodies, with the exclusion of most volatile constituents. The structures, presumed biogenesis, and bioactivities of identified compounds, divided in families according to their biogenesis, are critically discussed. A brief chemotaxonomic discussion of the genus Tricholoma is included in the final part of the review.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Fusarubins Accounts for Pigmentation of Fusarium fujikuroi Perithecia

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4468-4480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Studt ◽  
Philipp Wiemann ◽  
Karin Kleigrewe ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Humpf ◽  
Bettina Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Encoding Gene

ABSTRACTFusarium fujikuroiproduces a variety of secondary metabolites, of which polyketides form the most diverse group. Among these are the highly pigmented naphthoquinones, which have been shown to possess different functional properties for the fungus. A group of naphthoquinones, polyketides related to fusarubin, were identified inFusariumspp. more than 60 years ago, but neither the genes responsible for their formation nor their biological function has been discovered to date. In addition, although it is known that the sexual fruiting bodies in which the progeny of the fungus develops are darkly colored by a polyketide synthase (PKS)-derived pigment, the structure of this pigment has never been elucidated. Here we present data that link the fusarubin-type polyketides to a defined gene cluster, which we designatefsr, and demonstrate that the fusarubins are the pigments responsible for the coloration of the perithecia. We studied their regulation and the function of the single genes within the cluster by a combination of gene replacements and overexpression of the PKS-encoding gene, and we present a model for the biosynthetic pathway of the fusarubins based on these data.

scholarly journals Two New Terpenes Isolated from Dictyostelium Cellular Slime Molds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2895
Author(s):  
Hitomi Sasaki ◽  
Yuzuru Kubohara ◽  
Hirotaka Ishigaki ◽  
Katsunori Takahashi ◽  
Hiromi Eguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
Cellular Slime Molds ◽  
Product Chemistry

We report a protoilludane-type sesquiterpene, mucoroidiol, and a geranylated bicyclogermacranol, firmibasiol, isolated from Dictyostelium cellular slime molds. The methanol extracts of the fruiting bodies of cellular slime molds were separated by chromatographic methods to give these compounds. Their structures have been established by several spectral means. Mucoroidiol and firmibasiol are the first examples of more modified and oxidized terpenoids isolated from cellular slime molds. Mucoroidiol showed moderate osteoclast-differentiation inhibitory activity despite demonstrating very weak cell-proliferation inhibitory activity. Therefore, cellular slime molds produce considerably diverse secondary metabolites, and they are promising sources of new natural product chemistry.

scholarly journals Two Novel Diphenolic Metabolites from the Inedible Mushroom Thelephora palmata

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Ayako Nishio ◽  
Haruka Mikami ◽  
Hiroshi Imagawa ◽  
Toshihiro Hashimoto ◽  
Masami Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Heteronuclear Nmr ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

During the search for bioactive secondary metabolites, thelepalmatins A and B (1 and 2) were isolated from the fresh fruiting bodies of Thelephora palmata, together with four known compounds (3-6). Their structures were elucidated using MS analyses, and extensive 2D-heteronuclear NMR data interpretation. Compounds 3, 4 and 6 showed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 21.7-70.4 μM.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN SECONDARY METABOLITES PROFILES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE FRESH FRUITING BODIES OF Stereum hirsutum EXPOSED TO HIGH-DOSE UV-B RADIATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 3224-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOLANGE TORRES ◽  
JAIMER CABRERA-PARDO ◽  
FELIPE ALONSO ◽  
EVELYN BUSTOS ◽  
CLAUDIA PÉREZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Stereum Hirsutum

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Position of Shiraia-Like Endophytes on Bamboos and the Diverse Biosynthesis of Hypocrellin and Hypocrellin Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Qiu-Tong Wang ◽  
Xiao-Ye Shen ◽  
Cheng-Lin Hou ◽  
Paul F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Phylogenetic Status

The main active ingredients of the fruiting bodies of Shiraia bambusicola and Rubroshiraia bambusae are Hypocrellins, belonging perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. However, the strains of S. bambusicola and R. bambusae do not produce hypocrellins in culture, so resource exploitation of natural products was seriously restricted. In this study, a series of novel Shiraia-like fungal endophyte strains, with varying sporulation ability and synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, was isolated from different bamboos. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics of the endophytes, Pseudoshiraia conidialis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The secondary metabolites of different fruiting bodies and strains have been comprehensively analyzed for the first time, finding that the endophytic strains are shown not only to produce hypocrellins, but also other perylenequinonoid compounds. It was noteworthy that the highest yield of total perylenequinone production and hypocrellin A appeared in P. conidialis CNUCC 1353PR (1410.13 mg/L), which was significantly higher than any other wild type P. conidialis strains in published reports. In view of these results, the identification of Shiraia-like endophytes not only confirm the phylogenetic status of similar strains, but will further assist in developing the production of valuable natural products.

scholarly journals Attacks on the precious truffles by useful and harmful invadors

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Waill Elkhateeb
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
General Description ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
High Significance ◽  
The World

Truffles are ectomycorrhizal mushrooms that grow in specific climates. They are rare and famous for their secondary metabolites and their promising biological activities. Truffles are considered from the most expensive macrofungi all over the world. Understanding the rare and uncommon types of interaction between truffles and their different invadors is of high significance. However, studies describing such relation are very limited. In this review, we describe general description and ecology of truffles. Examples on microbes attracted to colonize fruiting bodies of truffles were mentioned. Finally, factors causing truffles damage such as pathogenic fungal attacks, truffles rot, and insects’ invasion were highlighted.

scholarly journals Skeletocutins M–Q: biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 2782-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Cheng ◽  
Clara Chepkirui ◽  
Cony Decock ◽  
Josphat C Matasyoh ◽  
Marc Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
New Metabolites

During the course of screening for new metabolites from basidiomycetes, we isolated and characterized five previously undescribed secondary metabolites, skeletocutins M–Q (1–5), along with the known metabolite tyromycin A (6) from the fruiting bodies of the polypore Skeletocutis sp. The new compounds did not exhibit any antimicrobial, cytotoxic, or nematicidal activities. However, compound 3 moderately inhibited the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), while compounds 3 and 4 performed moderately in the ʟ-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (ʟ-Leu-AMC) inhibition assay. These compounds represent the first secondary metabolites reported to occur in the fruiting bodies by Skeletocutis. Interestingly, tyromycin A (6) was found to be the only common metabolite in fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of the fungus, and none of the recently reported skeletocutins from the culture of the same strain were detected in the basidiomes.

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